Araby, By James Joyce - 869 Words

Araby In the short novel, Araby by James joyce which was one of the most influential writers in the modernist era of the early 20th century. In Araby, Joyce highlights a young boy who describes the North Dublin Street where he lives in a house with his aunt and uncle. The narrator recalls when he and his friends used to run through the dark muddy lanes of the house to avoid his uncle or when Mangan’s sister came out on the doorstep to call her brother in to his tea. He is obsessed with the young girl: whose brown figure was defined by the light from the half-opened door.† Her dress swung as she moved he body, and the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to side†. He also talks about the previous owner of the house, a priest who died leaving in the back-drawing room some books that he sometimes took a glance at. For the narrator, every day starts when he observes her as she steps out the house and walks quietly behind her on their way to school until finally passing her when their ways diverged . The theme for Araby is disappointment and frustration. On Saturday morning when the narrator accompanies his aunt marketing, he cannot stop thinking about the Young girl. He starts questioning if he will ever have the courage to speak with her mentioned as follows: â€Å"I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration† (Joyce 243). At last he ends up having the opportunity of talking to her and she asksShow MoreRelatedAraby and James Joyce1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† is clearly identifiable as the work of James Joyce. His vocalized ambition of acquainting fellow Irish natives with the true temperament of his homeland is apparent throughout the story. Joyce’s painstakingly precise writing style can be observed throughout â€Å"Araby† as well. Roman Catholicism, which played a heavy role in Joyce’s life, also does so in the story which is another aspect which makes Joyce’s authorship of the story unmistakable. As a result of Irish heritage displayedRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce1013 Words   |  5 Pages James Joyce’s short fiction, â€Å"Araby†, speaks of the loss of innocence when one enters adulthood. The narrator of â€Å"Araby† reflects back to his childhood and the defining moment when he reached clarity on the world he stood before. The young boy, living in a world lifeless and religious influence, becomes consumed with the lust of a neighbouring girl. The girl, Mangan, is symbolically the narrator’s childhood obsession with growing up. As she resembles the desire to become an adult, the Araby is theRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce917 Words   |  4 PagesAraby is a short story by James Joyce about a young boy who is infatuated a young woman who is the older sister of one of his friends. He watches her from afar and believes that his feelings are true love. He lacks the confidence to speak to her or confide in anyone else. The narrator spe aks of her as if she were the most beautiful and wondrous human on earth, however, he does not realize that he is in love with the thought of her and not necessarily her. The narrator lives in Ireland as James JoyceRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce is a young boy who has such an infatuation for his friend Mangan sister, he begins to idolize her as if she was a saint. This is when the idea of love and desire come into play. He simply can’t stop thinking about her and sees her in a godly like way. As the story begins to unfold the realization that the young boy doesn t quite understand the concept of the illusion and the reality of what Mangan’s sister really means to him. The young boy realizes that hisRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce956 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Araby,† James Joyce uses religion to give a the story deeper meaning. The narrator of the story finds himself in a confusing love that is unrealistic and distorted. In â€Å"Araby,† Joyce uses an underlying theme of religion to portray a confusing admiration that is bro ught to a twisted end. Throughout â€Å"Araby† there is an underlying theme of religion. The boy himself lives with his uncle who is feared by the other kids on the street. If he is seen the kids â€Å"hid in the shadows† untilRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1885 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce both introduce two young protagonist who both share in blinded adoration for young women. Both young men attempts to woo the young woman by proving their nobility. Both efforts go completely unnoticed by both girls and both young men are left alone dealing the aftermath of their failed nobility, which changes the way they view themselves. James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† is a medieval romance set in Dublin, Ireland. As we are introduced to the story, Joyce describes theRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce843 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Araby†, James Joyce uses the young unnamed boy as her main character. Representing himself in this first person view, the main character takes us on a journey that suggests the verge of adolescence. The events that take place in this story create a very clear image for us, reflecting the difficulties a young boy may undergo during the last years of his juvenile life. The awakening is sometimes unknowingly refreshing. He would watch the girl he most desires at times throughout the day as if mesmerizedRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1451 Words   |  6 PagesJames Joyce, an Irish novelist, wrote fifteen short stories that depict Irish middle class life in Dublin, Ireland during the early years of the twentieth century. He entitled the compilation of these short stories Dubliners. The protagonist in each of these stories, shares a desire for change. This common interest motivates the protagonist and helps them to move forward in their lives. Additionally, the protagonist has an epiphany, or moment of realization or transformation. In â€Å"Araby†, the narratorRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce Essay1888 Words   |  8 PagesJames Joyce’s, Araby, is an emotional short story that centers around a nameless boy living in Dublin, with his aunt and uncle, who has a consuming crush on his friend’s sister. His love for her leads him to the Araby bazaar, and there he comes to a realizat ion about his immature actions. This event is the basis for the entire story, but the ideas Joyce promotes with this story revolve around the boy’s reactions to his feelings about his crush. Joyce spends much of the story describing the boy’sRead More Araby by James Joyce Essay620 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Araby† by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There seems to be a great deal of controversy surrounding the short story, â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce. This isn’t controversy dealing with various political issues or controversy involving issues of free speech or anything related to these things. It is of a more simple matter: whether the young boy in this story is capable of having a deep emotional realization at the conclusion of the story. It is obvious to me via the final sentence, (Araby, 398), that he does not make

Gay Marriage and Asian Culture Essay - 848 Words

Are gay marriages in Asia viewed with the same perspective as in the American context? The history of gay marriage is short but not liked as much. From the history of gay marriages there are an estimated number of 250 million people who live in places which accept gay marriage; this is about 4% of world’s population. In the 2nd century in Rome, men of the same age were legally allowed to marry where they were considered to be pagans and the marriages were conducted by the Mother Goddess (Celeste 2010). On April 16, 106, the first Gay marriage was documented in which two men, Pedro and Vandilaz were married in a chapel witnessed by a priest. In the United States, majority of Christians are very active in opposing same sex marriages both†¦show more content†¦Jeffrey O’Malley, the director of the HIV group for the United Nations Development Program in New York City says that people cannot deny there is homosexuality (Jyoti Kathmandu 2009). In 1993 the United States government came to realize that the gay marriages were being conducted and as a result they came up with measures to rule out the act. This was supported by the 1996 defense of marriage act in which the homosexuals were denied the traditional benefits related to marriages. In 2003, the Massachusetts Supreme Court brought forth life in the gay supports by ruling out that gays also had rights to marriage. A survey conducted showed that majority were against gay marriages in which twenty seven states passed the constitution on complete gay marriage ban and only ten had the grant (Time Magazine 2003). The argument against gay marriage is that biblically marriage was meant for procreation between man and a woman and that the gay marriage was to destroy the traditional family. It is also argued that same sex marriage is morally wrong. In May 2006, a federal marriage amendment law was put up in the United States to pull aside gay marriages only to be rejected in the United States Senate. According to an article on Lapop, Latin America and Canada are the only nations in America to legalize gay marriage. Linking religion and homosexuality, most Christians who were attending theShow MoreRelatedThe Core Philosophy Of Confucianism1223 Words   |  5 Pagesregarded more significant for the people in the minority or vulnerable groups in our society. However, the mainstream culture and politics in my country China hardly take account of them. This culture and the society sets men, native and heterosexuality as the ideal condition. Although China experiences the fastest economy and modernization in recently decades, the traditional cultures and structures root in the people’s minds without threat. Based on my own personal experience, the existing dominantRead More Comparing William Bennetts Leave Marriage Alone and Andrew Sullivans Let Gays Marry1537 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? For thousands years, marriage has been a combination between a man and a woma n. When they love each other, they decide to live together. That is marriage. But what will love happen between two same sex persons? Will they marry? Is their marriage acceptable? It is the argument between two authors: William J. Bennett and Andrew Sullivan. The two authors come from different countries and have different opinion about same sex marriage. Sullivan agrees with the gay marriage because ofRead MoreMarriage : A Right Or Privilege?1210 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage: A Right or Privilege? Marriage is a well known social norm that is practiced in most societies. In many societies, marriage is recognized as the legal bond between one man and one woman, especially in the United States. However, beginning popularity in the 21st century, the debate on same-sex marriage has grown exponentially. Many people argue that by denying same-sex couples the right to marry they are taking away their fundamental rights as citizens. There are also some arguments thatRead MoreTelevision That Caused An Uproar From Viewers922 Words   |  4 Pagesstabilizing factors. In his essay â€Å"Who Cares if Gays Marriage?† Gregory Blair discusses his issues with the stigma against the constitution for gay marriage. He points out that many cultures have different expectations for marriage. He writes, â€Å"Muslim countries of the Middle East, Asia and North Africa often have accepted polygamous marriages; several central Asian cultures and others often have accepted polyandrous marriages; even gays and lesbians have been married in various types of ceremoniesRead MoreFreedom to Love Essays1088 Words   |  5 Pages　　　　There are different kinds of partners in the world: Black, White, Asian, Straight, Gay, etc. However, not all of them are accepted by the society. Holding someone’s hand in public? It may be the sweetest, most innocent and natural of gesture of affection. However, when it comes to a couple with the same sex, things become completely different. People may think it is disgusting. Therefore, gay couples have to tolerate others’ disgust looks and nasty words, or sometimes even worse -- a punch. TheRead MoreUgandan Laws on Homosexuality744 Words   |  3 Pagesphenomenon of homosexuality has always been a controversy to almost every culture and society. Throughout history, various positions regarding homosexuality have been taken, some oppose homosexuality and some are with homosexuality and have their own reasons. According to John Bancroft, graduate sexologist of Cambridge University and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at (IUSM) Indiana University School of Medicine, of 42 cultures, 41 % are strongly against homosexuality and 33% ignored the concept, thusRead MoreSaudi Arabian and Canadian Culture844 Words   |  4 Pagesthe concept of culture and provide examples of how culture, gender roles and family relation varies from place to place and how it change over time. I will have Saudi Arabia and Canada as the focus. I am going to start by define what Culture means, introduce the countries and talk about the Points in my curriculum goal. About culture The concept culture have some difficult meanings. One of them is culture as in music, preforming, theatre and so. The other meaning of it is culture as in Peoples IdentityRead MoreMarriage Is A Sacred Action, And The Bondage Between Individuals Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage is a sacred action, and the bondage between individuals is powerful. Marriage is one of the greatest moments in ones’ lifetime. Throughout different cultures marriage has a different meaning. In some groups, marriage and your spouse is not your decision and in others you can have multiple spouses. There are several different forms of marriage and different cultures practice those marriages in different ways. Marriage brings about happiness but in some cases it can bring grief and disciplineRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Laramie 1450 Words   |  6 Pagesinherent drama, the author’s talents as a scriptwriter were applied to improve the mutual impact of the events and therefore create a fr ee flowing play. The Fireside The indifference to existence has affected many gay students on college campus to date. Cast member Alex Garip, a gay student was drawn to the play to get the message out because she feels personally ill-treated. She remarks that she feels uncomfortable and safe on campus because of her sexuality. She says â€Å"I have been verbally attackedRead MoreCross Cultural Psychology Notes Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesWhose values count? Culture: any group sharing values, beliefs, customs â€Å"†¦isms† ethnicism/racism sexism heterosexism (homophobia) classism ageism prejudice against disabled religious bigotry Cultural Competence Familiarity with other groups culture Know thyself People including students, therapist, profs, are humans first and Three challenges to know about yourself Humans rarely contemplate the origin, validity or meaning of their value Humans underestimate the arbitrariness

Latin History Free Essays

MEXICO ECONOMY Mexico is located in North America and known as United Mexican States. It consists of thirty-one states and a federal district with the capital of Mexico City. It is most populous city in the Earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Latin History or any similar topic only for you Order Now The GDP is $1.149 trillion and per capital income is $11,249. the income per capita is $7.310. It is 12th largest economy in the world as measured in Gross Domestic product. The GDP real growth rate is 4.8%. The average annual GDP growth during 1972 to 1981 was 5.5% whereas during 1981-1986 it was only 1.5%. The GDP’s main share is from services 69.4% and the industry captured 26.7%. From Agriculture it is only 3.9%.   The public debt is 23.3% of GDP. Mexico is highly dependent on exports to the United States. The quarter share of the country’s GDP is based on the exports to the United States. Hence the Mexican economy is strongly linked with the U.S. business. The 1994-year is Mexico’s bad year. Of course it starts with acceptance of NAFTA in the year beginning with United States and Canada and ends with dark Christmas with peso devaluation. During the year there are many political problems like Chiapas rebellion, assignations of political leaders. There was such situation the Mexico attacked with the crisis during 1982 and it got recovered by 7 years whereas during 1994 peso devaluation, it takes for 7 months only to get recovery.   During December 19, 1994, the exchange rate is 3.50 pesos per dollar. The consumer demand for goods collapsed. The Mexican interest rate on loans dramatically increased creating a shock in the banking system. Some businesses closed due to increase of market share. The exports increased with high exchange rate TRADE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEXICO AND UNITED STATES 90% of Mexican trade has been put under free trade agreements with over 40 countries. The North American Free Trade Agreement is significant in this regard. 9% of Mexican exports go to the United States and Canada. And imports recognized 65% from these two countries. The exports to Untied States are 88.4% and imports from United States are 68.4%. Mexico is dependent on trade with United States. The U.S. exports to Mexico include electronic equipment, motor vehicle parts and chemicals and in case of Mexican exports to the United States are Petroleum, cars and electronic equipment. Mexico depends more than on U.S. economy whether it may be good or bad. The NAFTA relation between U.S and Mexico completed more than 10 years. Of course, after the peso devaluation, the Mexico economy become stable, perhaps the United States plays major role. Initially, there was a free trade agreement between Canada and United States called Free Trade Agreement during 1988. Thereafter it was included Mexico and fresh agreement is established in the name of NAFTA. It is trilateral agreement. It is an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico. The agreement indicates elimination of tariffs of the produced traded in the respective nations i.e. United States, Canada and Mexico. It is planned to phase out tariffs over a period 15 years. Besides the restrictions were said to be removed from many categories, which includes motor vehicles, computers, textiles and agriculture. MEXICO POLITICAL The type of government is Federal republic. Representing political parties are Institutional Revolutionary Party, National Action Party, Party of the Democratic Revolution, Green Ecological Party, Labor party and several small parties. The politics of Mexico are dominated by the three political parties in Mexico i.e. National Action Party (PAN), Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The recent federal presidential elections were held on July 2, 2006. President Zedillo and president Fox continued with trade liberalization and several FTAs were signed with Latin American and European countries. Thus Mexico became one of the most open countries in the world of trade. Most Important reform during President Fox period is implementation of Freedom of Information laws. With this effect Mexico City and 26 states supposed to fight against corruption. Hence Mexico becomes international model by usage of FOIA laws and enforcement mechanisms. REFERENE: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html http://countrystudies.us/mexico/65.htm http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/0,,pagePK:180619~theSitePK:136917,00.html http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35749.htm    How to cite Latin History, Essay examples

Evolution of Innovation Contextual System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucss about the Evolution of Innovation Contextual System. Answer: Introduction Retail sector is one of the key sectors that have experienced an unprecedented success and growth in the last few decades. The sector has witnessed extreme success across the globe with an upsurge and continuous rate of development. The retail sector comprises of selling of services and goods to the consumers by the means of numerous distribution channels. With the growth and development, the sector has also faced continuous changes and modifications which have led a direct impact upon the organisations that are the part of the retail sector. The spectrum of the retail sector is extremely wide and it offers services and products to the con summers from a huge departmental store to a small outlet. The purchasing power and the needs of the consumers are rising rapidly that are resulting in increased developments in the sector. As a result of these developments, the organisations are also making efforts to adjust accordingly. The report will present the significant trends and drivers fo r change which are likely to influence and impact the retail sector and the organisations. There will also be highlighted the theoretical viewpoint for evaluating the respond of the organisations and the managers to respond to the changes. The next part of the paper will throw light upon the qualities and skills required by the managers for managing sustainable responses to the changes taking place in the industry. The retail landscape across the globe has transformed so intensely in the recent year that there has been observed the emergence of a pioneering consumer environment. The traditional ways and norms of performing retail business no longer satisfy the customers in present scenario. The retail sector now positions on the cusp of the powerful modernization and rebirth, driven by the rapidly growing technologies, global environment and the customer centricity[1]. There are several trends and drivers for change that are likely to have an impact and influence the retail sector and the retail organisations. These significant trends are in context with several factors such as changes in the productivity, economic developments, political developments, research and development, technological change and innovation, transformational business models, internal competition and globalization, market developments, empowered consumers, consumer trends, regulatory framework, sustainable development prac tices, social developments and demographic change, disruptive technologies, labour market and gender issues restructuring and human resource strategy and skill gaps and training issues. All these are the significant and the most widely analyzed trends in the retail industry that forces the organisation to have adequate strategies to sustain in the highly diverse and dynamic business environment[2]. Key areas of change Among all the significant trends and drivers of change there are few key and the most primary areas of change that have the most concerned and direct impact upon the organisations and the organisational managers are the disruptive technologies, empowered consumer and the transformative business models. These are the key areas of change with which the managers are required to work with[3]. From the various technologies and up gradations there are few of the disruptive technologies that will impact the retail sector and will offer unprecedented opportunities are Block chain, Augmented reality (AR)/ virtual reality (VR), 3D printing, Digital traceability, Robotics, Artificial intelligence (AI)/ machine learning, Autonomous vehicles (AV)/ drones and Internet of Things (IoT). The use of these technologies will alter or sooner will impact all the organisations of the retail sector and the managers also to manage them in the most efficient manner[4]. The present customer bases are shaping the future of the retail sector. The empowered customers have a rapid and easy access to the information which results in different decision making by diverse set of consumers[5]. There are basically three factors in respect with the empowered consumer on the basis of which there are extreme changes in the retail sector and these three factors are convenience, choice and cost. In terms of choices, the consumers are expecting diverse products and services with utmost specification and in respect to meet these needs and requirements; there is a need to have changes in the production and operational practices and to have continuous development[6]. The second factor is convenience, the empowered consumers wants to have products and services which are available in the most convenient manner. The retailers are now expected to have more of online visibility so that the consumers can have an easy and doorstep access. The third aspect of empowered consum ers is cost; it is essential that the retail sector must have new and pioneering technologies which can reduce the purchasing cost of the consumers. There is a need to manage the costs so that more number of customers can be targeted[7]. Several retail organisations are achieving huge success by incorporating new and innovative business models which have blurred the boundaries that exists between the offline and the online retail[8]. In the upcoming decades, when there will be more and more innovative proliferate business models in the online retail, the physical stores will be continued to take place. But fo attracting the consumers, these stores are required to have a more innovative and strategic approach towards building recognized business models so that there can be increased value propositions for the consumers. In the present scenario there are significant changing trends of digitally enabled business models which are required to be adopted by the retail sector organisations for serving the needs of the consumers and developing a next frontier of the digitalized retail[9]. Role and response of managers/leaders and organisations to the aspects of organisational dynamics generated by the key drivers of change To response to the changes occurred in the retail sector due to various key trends and changes the managers and the organisations have to take several initiatives for sustaining in the dynamic environment. Several authors and researchers have highlighted numerous frameworks and theories that explain the response of the managers and the organisations towards the changes occurred in the industries because4 of several key factors. The researchers have highlighted the importance of managing change by taking use of the adaptive management framework[10]. According to this framework there are six major phases under which the managers try to overcome the issues of changes and try to have a more effective and competent practices to sustain the changes in the industry[11]. In the adaptive management framework the first phase is of assessing problems which states that the challenges or issues which are the result of industrial changes are assessed and analyzed in an in-depth manner, the challenges and their outcomes are assessed in an effective manner. After having assessment, the second phases states designing of appropriate and relevant strategic moves and practices fir managing those changes. For example for sustaining the change occurred due to disruptive technologies, the managers design the operations by taking use of more pioneering and innovative technologies. There is restructuring and effective designing of the organisational process and functions[12]. The next phase is of implementing which means implementing those strategies a nd practices which are framed to manage the changes. By taking adequate measures, these strategies are incorporated and implement in the most efficient manner. The fourth phase focuses upon having a strict monitoring of the strategies implemented to manage the organisational dynamics and the changes generated in the retail sector due to key trends. There is checking and monitoring of various things that these strategies are properly executed and managed or not. The next phase is evaluation in which the results of the strategies implemented and changes incorporated in the business operations and practices[13]. With the help of evaluation, it is checked that whether the outcomes are as desired or not or it is also evaluate that what all issues still prevail in the organisations for sustaining the change occurred in the industry. The sixth phase is adjust, it states that change is continuous and inevitable, thus, it is essential that the managers and the organisations must prepare them selves to adjust themselves in the future also as with the development of the industry and technologies there will be continuous changes in the sector. With the help of this framework, the organisations and the managers are able to respond in a positive manner to the changes occurring in the sector[14]. In the various academic literature there has also been highlighted the Congruence Model for managing the continuous changes impacting the organisations. The mangers and the organisations take use of this model to have a better understanding of the changes and the way in which these changes must be managed effectively[15]. According to this model or framework, there are three key factors that leads to transformation or changes in the industries and that leads to organisational change. The three factors as per this model are environment, resources and history. In context with the changes in the retail sector, it can be stated that there are resource related transformations in terms of new technologies, environment in terms of changing consumer need and preferences and history in terms of innovative products and services. To manage the changes, the organisations adopt strategy to have transformation in the existing processes by the means of four different levels. The first level from where the organisations and the managers start incorporating practices to manage change are at the work or task level where modifications takes place in the business operations. The second level is the informal organisation where the strategies are imposed informally by making the people understand about the need of managing these changes. The third is the individual level where the individual have an approach of managing the changes at their individual level so that they can achieve increased sustainability in context with the changes. And the last and the fourth level is the formal organisation where numerous agreements are prepared and practices are performed at the organisational level where there is increased participation of the managers as well as the employees. When the organisations implement effective strategies for managing changes at four different levels than there is efficiency occurs at two major parts that comprises of the organisational group and the individuals. Both these groups attain increased efficiency to manage the key trends and changes in the businesses and the operations[16]. In understanding the response of the managers and the organisations there is one more well-known framework that helps in managing the changes and having a better understanding of the issues and challenges if the Lewins change model. It is one of the most recognized and well known framework emphasized by the researchers for developing a way to manage the organisational dynamics and the changes is the Lewins Change Model. According to the Lewins Change model, there are taken several steps and initiatives to make an organisation ready to adopt the changes as well as to restructure itself in a manner that it can sustain those changes[17]. The mangers have their vital role in incorporating the framework of Lewins change model at the organisations and achieve desired objectives. According to the authors there are three phases in this model; the first phase is unfreeze where as per the key changes and trends, the managers try to change the existing business operations and other factors to have competitive benefit and to sustain in the dynamic environment[18]. The second phase is change where as per the needs and requirements generated as a result if the changes in the industry, the organisation also have associated changes in its structure and this stage is where the change is implemented at all the levels of the organisations. The mangers check, analyses and evaluate that the operations and business funct ions have incorporated the new changes and now wok as per the demands of the consumers. The last phase is freeze where the managers now freeze the newly adopted changes as per the demands of the industry. The purpose of this stage is that the managers must ensure that the organisations are now working on pioneering technologies and other new factors so that the diverse need of the consumers can be met effectively. All the above mentioned frameworks, model and theories as well as other relevant theories have a direct connection with the organisational changes and the industrial dynamics. The organisations take use of these frameworks for sustaining the market competition, industrial revolution, key market trends and the various other changes which took place in the retail sector. Learning in terms of approaches, skills and qualities required for managing the sustainable responses to change Leaders are the one which have the capability and the competence to change the future of the organisations. In the report it has been identified that there are several trends and changes that are most likely to influence and impact the retail sector. But to manage and sustain the organisations in such a dynamic environment, it is essential for the organisations and the managers to have incorporation of effective approaches, skills and qualities. These activities of the managers will result in better and improved management of the changes and significant trends. There are several leading qualities that are required for the managers to possess for managing the present and the future changes occurring in the industry[19]. The first and the key quality of the managers are to have effective integration among the existing business practices and the required practices to implement because of the continuous industrial changes. With effective integration practices, there develops a sound base for the organisations to have robust application of the strategies and practices in the organisations. The second most vital quality of the managers to have a sustainable response to the changes is to take sue of the most pioneering and innovative technologies so that the requirements and increasing demands of the customers can be met with utmost effectiveness[20]. The other skills and approaches required by the managers comprises of having an analytical and forecasting perspective. With this quality and skill of the managers, there is better understanding of the market trends and the upcoming changes in the industry. They managers who tends of possess the quality of having an analytical targets the foreseen requirements of the empowered customers and implement such strategies and technologies which can effectively manage the dynamicity and can sustain the changes. The next approach or the key skill is restructuring of the business models as there is a need that the business models must be evaluate from time to time and the managers must restructure and have modifications in the business model so that the business models does not loses its efficiency and have the competence to sustain the changes[21]. The other skills, approaches and qualities that can help in managing the sustainable response includes system thinking by the managers for identi fying the paradigms which drive change, mediation skills for facilitating knowledge sharing, fostering innovation, and knowledge sharing, decisiveness, collaborative, skills to empower change, and effectively manage and control the same[22]. The most important skills and quality is to manage the resistance towards change as in the several organisations there are numerous resistances and it is essential that the managers must manage those resistances and have a collaborative approach towards change management[23]. Conclusion Globalization and continuous developments are changing the scenarios and future of the retail sector. It is such a wide and extensive industry which has continuous changes and modifications in the business process and functions. From this report, it has been analyzed and identified that there are several significant trends and drivers for change which impact the organisations. The trends and changes highlighted in the report are the most significant and probable which will be ruling the retail sector in the upcoming decades. It has been concluded that the retail sector is highly impacted as well as influenced by three key areas of change that comprises of empowered consumers, transforming business models and disruptive technologies. The overall analysis states that the innovative and ground breaking technologies are making the employee to become more empowered and demands for diverse, specific and highly fluctuating needs and demands of the consumers. From the report it can also be a nalyzed that there are few frameworks which supports the way in which the changes occurred in the industry. From these frameworks, it has been concluded that in every model, framework, it is essential that the managers or the leaders and the organisations must first prepare the business operations and the workforce to make them ready to have implementation of the strategies which can sustain the change. From the report, it can also be stated that there is a key role of the skills, approaches and the qualities of the managers to manage the changes and to achieve sustainability managing the responses towards the changes that occurred and will be continuously occurring the retail sector. Thus, from the overall analysis, it can be concluded that to manage the rapidly occurring trends and changes in the retail sector, the managers must have a forecasted approach and have proper integration so that the changes does not impact the businesses, their productivity and the efficiency. References IBMP, Interagency Bison Management Program, inIbmp.info, , (2017), https://www.ibmp.info/adaptivemgmt.php accessed 31 July 2017. Comblend, lewins change management model | Comblend. in , , (2017), https://comblend.adtddns.asia/lewins-change-management-model/ accessed 31 July 2017. Armstrong, Michael, and Taylor, Stephen.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. (Kogan Page Publishers, 2014). Burke,Warner, W..Organization change: Theory and practice. (Sage Publications, 2017). Cullen, et al., Reverse logistics in the UK retail sector: A case study of the role of management accounting in driving organisational change.Management Accounting Research24, no. 3 (2013): 212-227. Cummings, G., Thomas and Worley, G., Christopher.Organization development and change. Cengage learning, (2014). Fernie, John, and Sparks, Leigh.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers, (2014). Fernie, et al.,Principles of retailing. Routledge, (2015). Gallouj, et al., The futures of the service economy in Europe: a foresight analysis.Technological Forecasting and Social Change94 (2015): 80-96. Gehlhar, Mark, and Regmi, Anita. Factors shaping global food markets.New directions in global food markets(2005): 5-17. Gilley, et al., Organizational change and characteristics of leadership effectiveness.Journal of leadership organizational studies16, no. 1 (2009): 38-47. Hortasu, Ali, and Syverson, Chad. The ongoing evolution of US retail: A format tug-of-war.The Journal of Economic Perspectives29, no. 4 (2015): 89-111. Laudon, C., Kenneth and Traver, Guercio, Carol.E-commerce. Pearson, (2013). Luchansky, et al. Survey for Listeria monocytogenes in and on ready-to-eat foods from retail establishments in the United States (2010 through 2013): assessing potential changes of pathogen prevalence and levels in a decade.Journal of Food Protection80, no. 6 (2017): 903-921. McFadden, et al., Evaluating the efficacy of adaptive management approaches: is there a formula for success?.Journal of Environmental Management92, no. 5 (2011): 1354-1359. Melis, et al., The impact of the multi-channel retail mix on online store choice: Does online experience matter?.Journal of Retailing91, no. 2 (2015): 272-288. Roland, J., Ortt and van der Duin, A., Patrick. The evolution of innovation management towards contextual innovation.European journal of innovation management11, no. 4 (2008): 522-538. Eleonora, Pantano. Innovation drivers in retail industry.International Journal of Information Management34, no. 3 (2014): 344-350. Plummer, Ryan, and Armitage, Derek. A resilience-based framework for evaluating adaptive co-management: linking ecology, economics and society in a complex world.Ecological economics61, no. 1 (2007): 62-74. R., Ramanathan,The role of organisational change management in offshore outsourcing of information technology services: Qualitative case studies from a multinational pharmaceutical company. Universal-Publishers, (2009). Rist, et al., Adaptive management: where are we now?.Environmental Conservation40, no. 1 (2013): 5-18. Stetler, et al., Institutionalizing evidence-based practice: an organizational case study using a model of strategic change.Implementation Science4, no. 1 (2009): 78. Brugge, Van der, Rutger, and Raak, Roel Van. Facing the adaptive management challenge: insights from transition management.Ecology and Society12, no. 2 (2007). Vermesan, Ovidiu, and Friess, Peter, eds.Internet of things-from research and innovation to market deployment. Vol. 29. Aalborg: River Publishers, (2014). Williams, Byron K. "Adaptive management of natural resourcesframework and issues."Journal of environmental management92, no. 5 (2011): 1346-1353.

Riordan Manufacturing †Hardware and Software Essay Example

Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Essay Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software Introduction One of the top priorities at Riordan and many other businesses is guarding against loss, theft, and waste of the company assets. According to Bagranoff, Simkin Strand protecting these assets means an organization must focus on developing and implementing an internal control system. Further, the internal control system must also be capable of performing other functions like assisting in ensuring data processing is dependable and encouraging operational efficiency within the business (2008, p. 40). This paper will initially identify the hardware and software necessary to integrate the conversion cycle into an automated system at Riordan. Then, the information that needs to be shared between the different cycles and who will need access to this information will be discussed. Next, what controls need to be in place and the types of reports that need to be generated will be examined. Lastly, what information should be avai lable through Internet and corporate intranet will be discussed. Hardware and Software Necessary The essential key to the integration of the conversion cycle is an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System. ERP is a way to integrate the data and processes of an organization into a single system. Usually ERP systems will have many components including hardware and software, in order to achieve integration, however, most ERP systems use a unified database to store data for various functions found throughout the organization (techfaq, 2008). Todays ERP systems can cover a wide range of functions and integrate these functions into one unified database. For instance, functions such as human resources, supply chain management, customer relations management, financials, manufacturing functions and warehouse management functions were all once stand alone software applications. These functions were usually housed with their own database and network. Today, they can all fit under one umbrella the ERP system (techfaq, 2008). Shared Information The information that needs to be shared between departments at Riordan Manufacturing is purchase orders, invoices, work orders, customer orders and customer billing. We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Riordan Manufacturing – Hardware and Software specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many different departments of Riordan will need access to various levels of the new system. For example, the research and marketing supervisor will need access to the system to confirm what supplies production has on hand and what supplies still need to be obtained. The product department supervisor needs access to the system to keep oversee labor, supplies, budget and deliveries. The workers in production need system access to input supplies used, output produced and quantity of hours spent on producing a product. The billing department needs system access to charge costs to the proper department. The President, CEO, COO, and CFO need system access to view the entire system, from month end reports down to payment reports (Moss and Stine, 1993). Although, normally there is no requirement for upper and middle level management to examine the lower level reports, questions periodically arise from the monthly and annual reports that require investigation. During these occurrences management will use date gathered from various sources like inventory and labor reports. Controls To integrate the accounts receivable process into an automated system for Riordan Manufacturing, management needs to reduce the likelihood of risks happening in the future. To reduce the risk, management should identify possible events that represent a problem to the firm then determine the appropriate internal controls to implement to deter those problems from occurring (Dunn, Cherrington Hollander, 2004). â€Å"Internal control describes the policies, plans, and procedures implemented by a firm to protect its assets† (Bagranoff, Simkin Strand, 2008, p. 40). Three types of controls that need to be operational for the business to reduce risk and function optimally are preventive controls, detective controls, and corrective controls. Preventative controls are the initial level of protection an organization implements to discourage problems from occurring. At this level risked are analyzed and solutions are implemented to prevent problems. When the preventive control has faile d a detective control is implemented. This control is designed to uncover an undesired problem that has transpired (Dunn, et al, 2004). The third control is the corrective control, which is designed to restore a system to an approved or last known good state. A company usually establishes corrective controls to remedy problems that are discovered by the detective controls. One advisable procedure that can be implemented for this control is establishing training programs that educate employees about how to use the new automated system that can help them perform their job functions more efficiently and effectively. It is imperative to understand that for the integration, any control strategy has to be tailored to address the risks to objectives that management identifies as unacceptable. The objective should be detecting risks that are materially threatening the goals of the organization and reducing them to the point that management is more willing to accept. Generated Reports The reports that need to be generated in an automated system are customer orders, purchase requisitions, labor requests, and general reports. Customer orders dictate what items are manufactured and what quantities need to be supplied in a specified time frame (Dunn, et al, 2004). At Riordan, purchase requisitions are important because they exhibit the materials that need to be purchased to manufacture customer orders. Labor requests are used to dictate the number of employees needed for each job order as well as the timeframe the job will occur. General reports are used to inform management and other supervisors of the results of inventory expended and labor used to accomplish a job. Internet and Intranet Riordan will have some reports available on the Internet for stockholders and outside interests to access. These reports will include quarterly and annual reports that will be uploaded after being approved by the CFO. This will allow research into the financial standings of Riordan in order to show the financial stability of the company and the strength of the stock holdings. There will also be a corporate intranet available to all internal interests. Most reports will be available on this system in order to keep satellite locations aware of financial decisions and information. The IT department will give different access to the various levels of the company through the use of password protection. As described in the access section above, not all levels will need to view all reports. Conclusion By making one of the top priorities at Riordan guarding against loss, theft, and waste of the company assets, the company enjoys the success in business. Riordan accomplishes this task by focusing on developing and implementing an internal control system that is capable of performing other functions like assisting in ensuring data processing is dependable and encouraging operational efficiency within the business. This paper initially identified the hardware and software necessary to integrate the conversion cycle into an automated system at Riordan. Then, the information that needs to be shared between the different cycles and who will need access to this information was discussed. Next, what controls need to be in place and the types of reports that need to be generated were examined. Lastly, what information should be available through Internet and corporate intranet was discussed. Reference Bagranoff, N. A. , Simkin, M. G. , Strand, C.. Core Concepts of Accounting Information Systems (10th ed. ) Wiley, 2008 New York, NY Dunn C. L. , Cherrington J. O. , Hollander A. S. (2004). Enterprise Information Systems: A Pattern- Based Approach, 3e. The McGraw-Hill Companies, copyright 2004. Moss, Jimmy D. , and Bert Stine. Cash Conversion Cycle and Firm Size: A Study of Retail Firms. Managerial Finance. December 1993 Techfaq. (2008). What is ERP? Retrieved August 15, 2008, from techFaq Web site: http://www. tech-faq. com/erp. shtml

Texas vs Johnson essays

Texas vs Johnson essays H.W. 46 What role did Theodore Roosevelt play in the Progressive Movement? 1. Define what Roosevelt meant by Square Deal Roosevelt meant by the Square Deal that the mining operators did not have a choice. They had to submit to what the government said and had to make a deal with the union, led by Mitchell. In a sense, they really had no end in the, consequently called the 2. Explain Roosevelt role in the a) anthracite coal strike b.) Northern Securities Case c) Hepburn Act d) conservation of natural resources Anthracite Coal Strike - Many miners were dying needlessly every year. The men received no raise in wages in 20 years. They were paid by the weight of the coal they dug, but the companies were not weighing honestly. By 1902 they could not dig anymore. John Mitchell became leader of the union with 150,000 strong. After TR. got involved they resolved the strike and the union and workers got mostly what they asked for. Northern Securities Case - It was a holding company, a corporation set up to hold a controlling part of the stock of other companies. It was formed by James J. Hill of the great northern.,the rockefellers, JP Morgan, and EH Harriman. They brought peace between the competitors over the stock of one of the railroads. These men with great wealth had plagued a whole region and disrupted the nations stock market by their fight for monopoly. So TR. sued them. He said that they violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. The court then asked that it dissolve. Hepburn Act (1906) - Gave the ICC power over pipelines, express and sleeping car companies, bridges, ferries, and terminals. Railroad rebates and free passes were forbidden. If a shipper complained about any unfair rate, the Commission could reduce the rate until a federal court ruled on its fairness. It marked a major step on the path to effective federal regulation of business. ...

A Short Narrative of My Life

Therefore, she was very strict and harsh with rules and punishments which in due time were going to produce in me a seed of rebellion. Eventually, it rooted deeply in me and sprouted soon enough at about the age of 8 years old. Everything went downhill from there on which manifested in different and diverse ways, such as, disorderly conduct, rebellion towards all kind of authority, the beginning of substance abuse starting with alcohol, cigarettes and drugs, and living life in the fast lane in general. As I grew older, this increased with no care for rules at all and a death wish. This was only one of the reasons for my decision that took place when I was about 20 years old. I grew up in a dysfunctional family. My mother left my father before I was born and met my first stepfather right after. She was young and in need of being loved, so she saw the opportunity of protection and support in this man since she was pregnant and alone in New York City. Because I did not really have a father, my mother had to assume that role and be harsh, strict, and sometimes aggressive. She did not know better. Therefore, I became a problem who would not listen and I would get into trouble at school, and misbehave at home, break things, scream, drink behind my mother’s back, etc. All of this would have its toll at about 11 years old when I was living in New York again. I came back to live with my biological father then. I had met him when I was 8 years old. Here, I confronted a different life full of dangers, jealousy from my stepbrothers, and physical aggression from my dad. I got involved in the use and abuse of drugs and alcohol and became a gang member seeking the love and respect that I was not getting at home. I also got arrested and witnessed deaths of friends. This journey, which lasted about 10 years, ended or started its ending when I was deep into drugs and violence. It is not a mystery that the neighborhood in which I lived was under the rule of the Colombian Mafia back in the late 80’s and early 90’s. I lived in Jackson Heights, which was known back, then as â€Å"Little Colombia†, because of the huge population of Colombian immigrants that totaled about a million in the neighborhood. Therefore, mafia was part of the everyday life. Many kids were selling drugs and doing hits for the mafia. Terror and fear were common amongst many inhabitants of the area. Most young kids wanted to be like Pablo Escobar, the â€Å"Capo† of the Colombian Medellin Cartel, taking him as a role model to follow. I was one of those kids that followed this â€Å"role model†, who inspired many kids to get involved in this life. This led me to a fast and dangerous life where I was blessed to be alive, since I saw many of my friends die in the line of battle because of wrong decisions. I, on the other hand, knew how to take care of myself and managed to stay alive but became an addict. I ended up homeless and in various rehabs, halfway houses, shelters and clinical therapy. I lost all respect for others and myself. I was not me anymore but I had turned into the awful monster that had taken over my life. I was for sure headed to a bottomless pit. I was going straight to the pits of hell, condemned forever with no hope of looking back. When I was about 19 years old, I was in a rehabilitation center when a woman came to me and started preaching to me about the Bible and its message. About the Messiah, this was Jesus for her and soon would become mine too. At first, I really did not listen to her but she insisted and came back a few more times. Then we were invited to a church and I saw all the love and attention that those people were giving others and me without knowing us and I was surprised and astounded at this. This was my first experience with Jesus or anything that had to do with a Messiah that was very real to me. I was hopeless, since that moment a little door opened up, and there was some light. After that, I was sent to a halfway house where the director coincidentally was a Christian Pastor. I lived in this house for about a year and in the course of that year; the director practically took me under his wing. He invited me several times to his church until I made the decision of going. I was far from being different but it was the beginning of a different life. I went and experienced a new beginning, I was born again, I had accepted Jesus as my Lord and Savior, and everything was going to start changing from then on. It was 1993. The month I do not quite remember but I was 20 at the time. I relapsed almost at the end of 1993 and I had to go into a rehabilitation center again. This time was my last one. It was about October when my Dad sent me a plane ticket to Oakland, California. I was given the chance to make a decision on living or staying and my choice was made. I lived in Oakland for some time and started working there as a salesperson and met my sons mother. Yes, I have a son. He was born on September 11 of the year 1994 and unfortunately, I was not there to see him come into this world. It is something that I have regretted my whole life. I was young and scared and the only thing I knew how to do was to run, so I did. He is 18 years old right now. He is a miracle of life because his mother wanted to commit abortion and I did not permit it. I was not going to let her kill my son. Therefore, by the grace of God he was born. That is why I say that he is a miracle of life. I am not going to lie to you and tell you that everything was a bed of roses from the time I left the United States. I made many mistakes that took their toll, but now after I had accepted Jesus as my Savior I had new hope, new strength, and a new purpose to follow and be better. In 1994, I traveled back to Colombia, started to attend a church, and got involved in a ministry as I worked and tried to live a normal life. I was there for almost 17 years and my life had a complete turn-around. I prospered and got new friends. I have been sober for almost 20 years and I love life, creation, people, and most of all my dear Jesus, who gave me salvation and eternal life by just believing in Him and accepting Him and His dominion in my heart. Even though, it has not been an easy journey because I have gone through thick and thin, I continue with my head up. I am standing firm in this path. I have been back in New York for three years now and I have many amends to make, God willing. I have been working and studying for my degree to achieve my dreams and letting other people know about the person who changed my life and gave me a new purpose. A new direction and meaning to my life. A life dedicated to worship the Father, the Almighty God, Jesus his son and the Holy Spirit of God. A tricotomy that is a mystery manifested in the One and only true God.

E-Commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

E-Commerce - Essay Example The world today has become a highly connected and online place as compared to that of the last decade. The masses all over the world increasingly stay in a wired as well as wireless globalized zone where live communication and direct collaboration happens every hour, every minute, every second and every moment on a regular and daily basis (Solomon and Schrum, 2007, p. 8). In the middle of the 1990s, the Internet, or the World Wide Web as it is commonly referred to, emerged as the most disruptive form of electronic and communication innovation, bringing in a sea change for the kinds of methods and processes used by various business organizations to communicate between their clients, customers, employees and even the suppliers (Petrassi, 2008, p. 1). Web 2.0 can be officially defined as the process of increasing intelligence and values for every one through information sharing and content creation and sharing (Hoegg et al., 2006, p. 13). The web 2.0 is an evolution that has happened ov er the years since the emergence of the dotcom bubble in the US around the year 2001 (O’reilly, 2005). The word Web 2.0 originates around in 2004. The Web 2.0 essentially represents the group of processes concerning social, design and architectural independence that promotes free and seamless migration of data as well as business processes from one platform to another using the common medium of the Internet. The processes and related patterns increasingly focus on various interaction models that facilitate and promote various levels of communication between individuals and software processes and interfaces (Governor, Hinchcliffe and Nickull, 2009, p. ix). On a simpler note, it can be said that Web 2.0 represents the practice of accessing and sharing online digital content for interpersonal purposes as well as for the purpose of service delivery (ExplainingComputers.com, 2011). Today, the latest version of the web is immensely viewed as a platform that is catering to interacti on, innovation and even online delivery of services (Petrassi, 2008, p. 1) There have been a large number of benefits arising out of the huge and major adoption of 2.0 version of the web by individuals and businesses. Increasing in Buyer’s Power The emergence of businesses via the Internet due to the evolution of the Internet has significantly created an imbalance of power in the marketplace. Going by Porter’s five forces model, it can be simply said that the web 2.0 and the emergence of various business on the basis of it has significantly provided a lot of power to the buyers and consumers. Using the Internet, consumers can access feedback for the products that they are willing and interested to buy simply by visiting some websites or product related blogs (Barefoot and Szabo, 2009, p. 6). This has, in return, promoted high levels of diminishing customer loyalty for any particular brand (Governor, Hinchcliffe and Nickull, 2009, p. xi). High levels of Exposure The eme rgence of web 2.0 provides a great window of opportunity for companies around the globe. The companies can display their products to a global audience while also promoting their products using various extensive Internet applications, thereby increasing their degree of involvement (Roughley, 2007, p. 4) Increasing the Consumer Involvement As of today, companies are making their presence felt on the social networking sites and are increasingly rolling out online marketing campaigns in an attempt to increase the degree of involvement for the consumers, which helps in increasing their marketing potential (Lincoln, 2009, p. 140). The web 2.0 provides the online marketers with the opportunity to create advertisements that are engaging, entertaining, informative and creative at the same time (Tuten, 2008, p. 17). This helps in creating a

Leadership - MAO ZEDONG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership - MAO ZEDONG - Essay Example The story of Mao Zedong is one the Chinese reflect on to date. People understand that the situation of his growth to a national figure started by the decision to make a difference in the society. The idea was to allow people to understand they had rights. He wanted to show the society that even peasant farmers have a voice when it comes to making the choices within the society. He was born to wealthy farmer. From the beginning, Mao took up the nationalism sceptre as his guide towards the issues taking place within the organization. In many sessions, Mao was willing to lead the people towards a revolution and create a platform that would give them a say in the issues of the society (Shuyun, 2006). However, upon taking the leadership, he created the People’s Republic of China and stated that one party, the Communist Party of China, would control it. This reduced the participation of the people because only those accepted at the party level would have a chance at the leadership levels in the country. He played a psychological card that made it easy for him to consolidate his leadership in the country after taking up his position as the leader of the new republic (Shuyun, 2006). He wanted to see the country develop and his idea of the great leap forward was to see the country better managed, developing, and increasing its appeal to everyone across the world. People would get a chance to participate in the growth by learning new skills that would be essential for the general improvement of their lives. This set the country apart towards the achievement of greatness (Chang, & Halliday, 2005). A variety of leadership styles can be used to define the life of Mao as a leader of the great country of China. At the very start of his journey towards meeting the ideals of his people as a revolutionary, Mao was using a contingency theory of leader. Here, the leader knew that the only way of making it work in the country was by changing the leadership styles to

Dress for Success Essay Example for Free

Dress for Success Essay Abstract We’ve all heard the saying â€Å"Dress for Success,† and I believe this saying holds a very valuable meaning in any profession. The way you dress not only affects your confidence and your self-esteem, but it also casts the first impression you are giving to your fellow colleagues and/or prospective employers. What you wear will portray a visual communication of what you have to offer and what they can expect from you in the work field. The primary goal of dressing professional is to feel good about yourself and to project a positive image. Your non-verbal communication is just as important as your verbal communication in any situation. Of course your skills and knowledge are an important factor, but don’t forget to dress the part and rule out any possibilities why people will doubt your abilities to perform. We’d like to think that we live in a world where people don’t judge us by the clothes we wear, but the truth is appearance does matter and the first impressions we portray reflect how we are initially judged by others. . When you dress for success people will take you more seriously and take what you have to say into consideration. Appropriate attire in the workplace gives you respect, and a professional image that will give your superior, colleagues, and patients trust and confidence in your abilities. There has been a lot of research that has proven that employers will likely hire a potential employee who dress and look the part. How you dress sends out many signals, one being an effective leader. When you take the extra step to make sure your clothes are ironed, and your physical attire is up to par, people will recognize that and follow your lead. In my opinion, people today underestimate the importance of a professional image. Many workplaces have a â€Å"casual attire† policy and people would rather blend in with the crowd then stand out and make their own personal impression. Looking for a job in the medical field is very competitive, and although your resume may be one of the most outstanding and qualified, how you look will sum up the final judgment. When potential employers look through tons and tons of paperwork day in and day out, everything starts to look the same, so when you come in for an interview you should try to stand  out and show them that you care about your image and how they perceived you. How you look will put a face to the resume and help you stand out from the other competitors. Ever since we were young, we were taught to never judge a book by its cover, and what really matter is what’s on the inside. Although the topic of how you look and what you wear may sound superficial, you have to look at yourself as a brand. Many companies today spend millions of dollars trying to upgrade and renew their visual image. Making sure how they look as a company and how their brand look will attract the new generations. So, it only makes sense that if a company cares so much of their image, they will also care about how their employees look and carry their name to the outside world. This theory goes hand in hand, if a company cares about how their employees look, the employees themselves should take the initiative and care about their professional image. When we purchase stuff from the store, what initially attracts is that packaging, before we judge the product by its performance. When you look good, you feel good, and ultimately that is all that matters in the end. When a person feels confident there is not stopping them from achieving he/she goals. Interviews are not intended to be a fashion show or beauty contest, but how you look and how you present yourself will always receive a positive reaction from the interviewer. By maintaining a professional image it can help you achieve the career you deserve.

Frankenstein-value for modern readers :: essays research papers

Frankenstein-value for modern readers Mary Shelley’s text, Frankenstein is a text, which is highly regarded in today’s society for its outstanding literary worth. However, the text as it was seen during the time of Shelley and its appearance and appeal today, most certainly differ. The most significant difference is that over a hundred years ago, the text was seen as a popular text, our modern day Simpsons, if you like. Conversely, today it appeals to the cannon of high culture. Its gradual change over time has been based on a number of deciding factors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Frankenstein’s immediate audience was that of a popular audience. Such an audience purely relied on a story, which would indulge them with exhilaration or apprehension. In the case of Frankenstein the audience was introduced to the horror thesis. The story told delved piquantly into the tragic ordeals of Victor as his fiend wreaked destruction and devastation to all those, who were close to Victor. This story line is symptomatic of a popular audience, as they craved a story, which would invigorate passion and tragedy. Vast arrays of appropriations have sprung from Shelley’s text, which influence as to why the text still remains today. The main source of today’s appropriations has been drawn directly from the figure of the monster itself. As, technology advanced and the idea of the stage was subjugated with the growing trend towards cinema, the figure of the original idea of the monster diminished. The figure slowly morphed into a hideous being, possessing green, stitched skin with bolts in the side of the head (lacking the original parallels to Adam). Unfortunately, the birth of cinema and its immediate success led to the demise of the philosophies and principles, which were initially at the crux of Shelley’s Frankenstein. A modern day appropriation of Frankenstein is The Rocky Horror Show, which draws directly from the creation of a monster, yet puts it in a satirical context, once again abating the traditional philosophies. The birth of the horror theme was partly due to She lley’s text and though the horror theme is carried through today, it differs greatly as society now expects a different form of horror. Shelley envisioned a strong sense of humanity in her novel. She encapsulated the quintessence of the period in which she lived by expressing ideologies, such as humanity’s relationship with God and the hypothesis of nature versus nurture. The relationship with God was vividly changed during the industrial era.

Preferred Stock and Common Stock

29) All of the following features may be characteristic of preferred stock EXCEPT A) callable. B) no maturity date. C) tax-deductible dividends. D) convertible. Answer: c If a firm has class A and class B common stock outstanding, it means that A) each class receives a different dividend. B) the par value of each class is different. C) the dividend paid to one of the classes is tax deductible by the corporation. D) one of the classes is probably non-voting stock. Answer: D 33)Julian is considering purchasing the stock of Pepsi Cola because he really loves the taste of Pepsi. What should Julian be willing to pay for Pepsi today if it is expected to pay a $2 dividend in one year and he expects dividends to growth at 5 percent indefinitely? Julian requires a 12 percent return to make this investment. A) $28. 57 B) $29. 33 C) $31. 43 D) $43. 14 Answer: A Nico Custom Cycles' common stock currently pays no dividends. The company plans to begin paying dividends beginning 3 years from today. The first dividend will be $3. 0 and dividends will grow at 5 percent per year thereafter. Given a required return of 15 percent, what would you pay for the stock today? A) $25. 33 B) $18. 73 C) $29. 86 D) $20. 72 Jia's Fashions recently paid a $2 annual dividend. The company is projecting that its dividends will grow by 20 percent next year, 12 percent annually for the two years after that, and then at 6 percent annually thereafter. Based on this information, how much should Jia's Fashions common stock sell for today if her required return is 10. 5%? A) $54. 90 B) $60. 80 C) $66. 60 D) $69. 30 Answer: C Preferred Stock and Common Stock 29) All of the following features may be characteristic of preferred stock EXCEPT A) callable. B) no maturity date. C) tax-deductible dividends. D) convertible. Answer: c If a firm has class A and class B common stock outstanding, it means that A) each class receives a different dividend. B) the par value of each class is different. C) the dividend paid to one of the classes is tax deductible by the corporation. D) one of the classes is probably non-voting stock. Answer: D 33)Julian is considering purchasing the stock of Pepsi Cola because he really loves the taste of Pepsi. What should Julian be willing to pay for Pepsi today if it is expected to pay a $2 dividend in one year and he expects dividends to growth at 5 percent indefinitely? Julian requires a 12 percent return to make this investment. A) $28. 57 B) $29. 33 C) $31. 43 D) $43. 14 Answer: A Nico Custom Cycles' common stock currently pays no dividends. The company plans to begin paying dividends beginning 3 years from today. The first dividend will be $3. 0 and dividends will grow at 5 percent per year thereafter. Given a required return of 15 percent, what would you pay for the stock today? A) $25. 33 B) $18. 73 C) $29. 86 D) $20. 72 Jia's Fashions recently paid a $2 annual dividend. The company is projecting that its dividends will grow by 20 percent next year, 12 percent annually for the two years after that, and then at 6 percent annually thereafter. Based on this information, how much should Jia's Fashions common stock sell for today if her required return is 10. 5%? A) $54. 90 B) $60. 80 C) $66. 60 D) $69. 30 Answer: C

Free Will vs. Predestination Essay

Thesis: Although many people have debated about weather predestination or free will, I believe that it is a combination of both. Body Paragraph 1: opposing views CD: Loraine Boettner says that â€Å"there is no consistent middle ground between calvanism and atheism† CM: free will is considered atheistic while predestination is considered Calvinistic CD: â€Å"It’s one thing to have a loved one that rejects God because of his own choice, but it is another to believe that person never had a chance because God never permitted or allowed them a chance. † Body paragraph 2: Free will. CD: â€Å"those who espouse predestination claim that if we have the free will to accept God’s salvation then we have to earn our way into heaven. Therefore we’re not saved by grace but by our own merit—we caused our own salvation, not God† CD: â€Å"free will teaches that when presented with the facts of God’s plan for salvation that every individual person has a choice to make to either accept or reject God’s gift of salvation. † CD: Ignatius of Antioch said that â€Å"If anyone is truly religious he is a man of God; but if he is irreligious, he is a man of the devil, made such, not by nature, but by choice. † CD: â€Å"If God thinks that this state of war in the universe a price worth paying for free will†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (48) CD: â€Å"Why did God make a creature of such rotten stuff that when it went wrong†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (49) Body paragraph 3: predestination CD: â€Å"remember, this repentance, this willing submission to humiliation and a kind of faith†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (57) CD: â€Å"In the early church, predestination was interpreted as God’s foreknowledge of people’s good works† CD: â€Å"predestination is doctrine witch teaches that God predetermined who would go to heaven and who would spend eternity in hell† CD: â€Å"‘Single’ predestination applies that word only to God’s gracious choice of those who will be saved, attributing reprobation to causes in the damned themselves. ‘Double’ predestination refers to God’s free choice to save some and God’s free choice to damn others† CD: â€Å"each person has absolutely no choice in accepting or rejecting salvation through Christ. † CD: Charles H. Spurgeon said that â€Å"nothing happens from divine determination and decree† Final/ conclusion paragraph CD: â€Å"some people think that they can imagine a creature which was free but had no possibility of going wrong†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

The Best of Daily Writing Tips in 2011

The Best of Daily Writing Tips in 2011 The Best of Daily Writing Tips in 2011 The Best of Daily Writing Tips in 2011 By Daniel Scocco First of all happy new year to all the Daily Writing Tips readers! Rest assured well keep sending you our best writing tips in 2012. Below youll find a compilation of the most visited posts we published in 2011. Make sure you havent missed any! 100 Mostly Small But Expressive Interjections 7 Grammatical Errors That Aren’t 100 Beautiful and Ugly Words 10 Latin Abbreviations You Might Be Using Incorrectly 100 Whimsical Words Should You Self-Publish? 50 Problem Words and Phrases 20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting Who Cares About â€Å"Whom† Anymore? How Spelling Diverges Between American and British English 10 Words That Don’t Mean What You May Think They Do 10 Comma Cases in Which More Is More 10 Pairs of Similar-Looking Near Antonyms 150 Foreign Expressions to Inspire You Is â€Å"They† Acceptable as a Singular Pronoun? 50 Redundant Phrases to Avoid 10 Intensifiers You Should Really, Absolutely Avoid The Other N-Words 7 Editing Pet Peeves 8 Steps to More Concise Writing Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Types of Narrative Conflict20 Words Meaning "Being or Existing in the Past"Using "zeitgeist" Coherently

What are global imbalances Did they cause the 2008 crisis Essay

What are global imbalances Did they cause the 2008 crisis - Essay Example Some researchers note that the global imbalances did play a critical role in the 2008 crisis. On the other hand, other researchers note that the global imbalances had little to do with the 2008 crisis. In essence, the economic research paper seeks to demonstrate that global imbalances did not cause the 2008 crisis. It is noteworthy that there were global imbalances between the U.S economy (deficit nation or country) and the Southeast Asian and oil-exporting, as well as European nations (Superavit nations). In the course of understanding the connection between the global imbalances and the 2008 crisis, it is ideal to note the influence of the other economies on the economy of the U.S. In the first instance, it is critical to note that the current surpluses were available in the U.S. financial markets (Caballero et al., 2009). The outcome of the current surpluses was evident in the pushing down of the long-term interest rates, thus the potentiality and ability to promote, as well as engage a credit boom and the real estate bubble. Moreover, there was substantial or significant increase in the risks of the size of the economy involved in the global imbalances, as a sever correction could have had negative implications for the global economy. In the process of evaluating this relationship between global imbalances and the financial crisis, it is critical to assess the implications of two pre-crisis perspectives (Dooley, Folkerts†Landau, & Garber, 2009). First, it is ideal to concentrate on the assessment of the new paradigm. According to this perception, global imbalances provide a new type of global equilibrium which could undergo substantive maintenance over time without necessarily ending in crisis. One of the approaches towards maintenance of the global equilibrium was saving glut rather than the implementation of any policy intervention (Nier

Advanced Business Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advanced Business Structure - Essay Example e contained within a business model should address all functions of a company such as operating cost, revenues, operating strategies, corporate structure and sales and marketing measures. Twitter is finally stepping up and moving into the world where real businesses stride and this led to launch o the advertising model.Biz Stone the co founder of twitter posted a blog entry about unveiling the new promoted tweets advertising policy. Users will start seeing paid messages that will be labelled promoted. Ten percent or more will be able to see the promoted messages. Twitter will be in corroboration with bravo, red bull, Sony pictures, starbucks, best buy and virgin America which will initiate the first adverts. The founders of twitter believe that promoted tweets will not be rejected by twitter users because it will have built in quality features that reward tweets. Search business type, it acquired the search engine in the summer of 2008 which is common. It had the potential to subdue tweet’s servers, to such an extent that the first year, they did not set up a search box but hid the feature. This search is highly significant, as proven during the current Iran disruption when twitter was among few ways of getting words out (Siau, 74). E-commerce, many companies have used this method example Dell has sold millions of dollars worth of equipment through twitter. BTB customer support business model, best buy and Twitter began an experiment with @ TwelpForce. This enabled them to have thirteen thousand followers. This service ensures that all customer’s questions and enquires are answered. This is known to be the future of customer communications. Twitter 101, this is a sizeable lesson for companies to do business using twitter. This enables the company to find monetize their traffic. Verified accounts, twitter is known to be the first with verified accounts plan payment that verify clients are carrying out transactions with the company they are searching for and

Chinese Government and Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chinese Government and Media - Essay Example This was a move that solicited negative remarks form a large number of Chinese more so in the Diaspora. According to this report, Chinese living in Canberra voiced their complaints against Taiwan's attempt to make themselves independent of the rest of China. The Chinese in Diaspora added that the only Group that had a right to represent China in the UN was the Chinese government. Xinhaunet claimed that a large number of independent Chinese bodies oppose Taiwan's move to seek independent representation. Some of them included Australian Capital Territory, Federation of Chinese independence and Chinese Australian cultural exchange. Additionally, Chinese in the Philippines also express their opposition of the Taiwan's move. The report further adds some of the views held by representatives of this body. Their views mostly highlight the government's position on the matter. For instance, there are references to the benefits that will come out of unification of different straits in China. These proponents assert that unification of Taiwan with the rest of China will prosper the economy. As if this is not enough, it will promote peace in the region. Assertions made by the Taiwanese leader to seek independent representation will only threaten peace in the region. ... They asserted that Taiwan is a fundamental part of China and no single force can claim to separate from the rest of China. They also believe that if Taiwan is to seek representation, then all one point six billion Chinese should be given the opportunity to decide their future. Chen-the Taiwanese leader, outraged this latter group. They called this move a trick and claimed that there was indeed no room for discussion. It is very interesting to note that mot of the sentiments in the report mostly back up the government's stand point on the issue. One can clearly see that the speakers and groups chosen were government friendly. Their remarks were rather harsh but these were used as a tool to voice the Chinese government's standpoint. It is quite possible to find other Chinese groups that opposed the government standpoint. Nevertheless, such sentiments have no place in a government owned media outlet. Most of the information portrayed above indicates the fact that government owned media outlets normally report one-sided stories. There is very little controversy in this article and this is characteristic that is common among many other newspaper outlets in the country. Tibet Issues It is very clear that Xinhaunet supports the government's view on the Tibetan issue. This is especially in relation to their recent media releases. On 27th March 2008, Xinhua reported that the Chinese president was to meet with the United States president to discuss the Tibetan issue. The report affirms US support. It quotes the sentiments expressed by President Bush that they believe in the unification of China and that there is only one China. Additionally, the report also adds the Chinese presidents' views on the matter. President asserts that thy

Bowlbys research Essay Example for Free

Bowlbys research Essay The maternal deprivation hypothesis was developed in post second world wartime and Bowlbys research was based on children that were extremely traumatized, having possibly lost both parents at war. As a result a lot of children ended up in institutions which more than likely had substandard conditions and numerous untrained carers. It is very important to bear in mind the context of that time as there was a national need for family life to be recreated and stabilised after the war. Thus, Bowlbys maternal deprivation hypothesis was interpreted as an opposition to the employment of women with young children and therefore the use of day-care facilities. It is important to acknowledge that Bowlby was primarily concerned with the welfare of children and that his theory of maternal deprivation played a huge role in reforming child care practices by pointing out the damaging effect of been cared for by numerous staff. In the years since however, the maternal deprivation hypothesis has been largely discredited in light of subsequent research which suggests that some separation, for example some time in a high quality day-care, may not necessarily have long-term effects on future relationships. Bowlbys monotropic model of attachment has also been highly criticised as recent evidence is revealing that children do form attachments with more than one adult, in particular with fathers, siblings and other adult carers with whom they have developed a stable relationship. Research has shown that children generally favour their fathers company to the company of a stranger. According to Lewis (1986) the attachment bond between a father and child is dependant on the quality of their relationship, that is, a child with a sensitive father that is focused on their needs will develop a stronger attachment bond with them. Nonetheless, in times of distress infants are more likely to seek out the comfort of their mother over their father (Lamb, 1981). Given the changing times and the steady increase in the proportion of working mothers, it is necessary to focus more on the effects of multiple attachments and specifically to the childs relationship with adult caregivers other than parents and relatives. Studies however, carried out by Tizard and Rees (1975) and Tizard and Hodges (1978) caution that while children can be cared for and attached to more than one adult, having a large number of caregivers may have an adverse effect on their ability to develop close relationships. Bowlbys maternal deprivation hypothesis was further developed by the work of Mary Ainsworth (1969), who devised a method for observing and assessing the attachment behaviour babies display towards their mothers/caregivers. This is known as the Strange Situation (ED209 TV4 programme) and is essentially a method for measuring a one year-olds attachment to its mother and assessing how the child reacts to separation and more importantly to reunion with its mother when placed in a slightly stressful situation. Briefly, the experiment involves taking mother and child to a strange room and observing the childs responses to the introduction of a stranger, the mothers departure, reunion with the mother, leaving the child alone for a few minutes in the room (most stressful event), and leaving the child alone with the stranger. Researchers classify the maternal-child attachment relationship based on the childs behaviour during reunion with the mother. Ainsworth suggests that attachment relations fall into three categories: securely attached, insecure-avoidant and insecure-ambivalent infants. Sometimes an additional category (disorganised) has been used. According to Ainsworth securely attached infants explore freely when their mother is present and use her as a secure base when a stranger appears. They greet her warmly on reunion and show a clear preference for her over the stranger. Children who do not behave this way, for example by clinging (insecure-ambivalent) or been more detached (insecure-avoidant) during reunion with their mother, are described as insecurely attached. Ainsworth et al (1978) believed that children who are separated from their mother, for example children who attend day-care, are likely to form insecure attachments. This is supported by Belsky (1988) who, it is interesting to note, revised his conclusions regarding the consequences of placing children in non-maternal day-care. Initially, he believed that day care did not effect a childs attachment to his/her mother, however subsequently in his review of a number of US studies, he concluded that children who are subjected to more than twenty hours a week of non-maternal day-care in their first year of life are at risk of developing insecure attachments. It is important to note that although the strange situation technique has been widely used by Belsky and others to assess the quality of a childs attachment to its caregiver, it may not however be the best method for comparing children who experience day care with those who do not. Belskys conclusions regarding day-care have been disputed by Clark-Stewart (1988) who argues that the differences in attachment styles between infants attending non-maternal day-care for less than twenty hours a week and more than 20 hours a week are not large enough to conclude that working mothers put their children at risk of suffering from psychological problems. Furthermore, she points out that children who attend day care are used to separation and therefore react differently on reunion with their mothers than children who are with their mothers all day. Thus, children may appear detached not because they are insecure but because they are more independent and more accustomed to been separated from their mother (Clark-Stewart, 1988) . Like Bowlby, Ainsworth believed in a universal model of attachment however, evidence from cross-cultural research on secure and insecure attachments carried out by Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988) revealed cultural differences in the mother-child relationship. This evidence questions the validity of using the strange situation method to measure and compare attachment in different cultures. For example, children from Japan showed intense distress in the strange situation when separated from their mother, as in their culture children are never left alone at twelve months. These cultural differences highlight the importance of moving away from a universal model of attachment towards a more cultural perspective. Bowlbys ethnocentric perspective, which sees the biological mother as the all-important person for the infants first attachment, has received a lot of criticism and has been branded as a Western cultural construction by some psychologists. It is interesting to note that out of 186 non-industrial societies Weisner and Gallimore (1977) found that, in only five of these societies was the child (almost) solely looked after by the mother! Moreover, research carried out in different countries showed the grandmother as having a special and unique attachment to the child due to her long life experience and wisdom (Tyszowka, 1991) thereby lending support to a more polyadic model of attachment.

Threat from Naturalised Wildflowers on Roadside Verges

Threat from Naturalised Wildflowers on Roadside Verges The Threat from Naturalised Wildflowers used on Roadside Verges for Native Forests and Agriculture. The naturalised vascular species of flora throughout New Zealand at present has similar totals to the native species (Williams Cameron, 2006), and newly naturalised species are being discovered at an increasing rate (Howell, 2008). Approximately 19% of all naturalised species are presently recorded as environmental weeds (Howell, 2008). Unfortunately, these statistics can, incorrectly, give the impression that New Zealand environments are inundated with an abundance of diverse weeds. Rather, the majority of naturalised plants, together with weeds, still inhabit a mere fraction of the wild-land habitats throughout New Zealand (Williams Wiser, 2004). In the centuries to come, it is predicted that weeds and other naturalised floras will increasingly occupancy areas of New Zealand, even for millenniums as has appeared to have occurred with Europe’s naturalised plants (Pysek Jarosik, 2005). The general origins of naturalised flora species were as decorative garden and feature pl ants (Howell, 2008), as such they commonly are present near human settlements (Timmins Williams, 1991). When random wild-land sites were surveyed few, if any, environmental weed species are generally found (Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, 2006). This suggests that environmental weeds are generally in the initial stages of infiltration into New Zealand’s environments, thus, there is an opportunity to curb further dispersal. Methods of long distance dispersal differ among environmental weed and naturalised flora species, however, the planting and sowing of naturalised flora species, particularly the wildflower varieties, on roadside verges both facilitates the establishment and acts as corridors for the dispersal agents of these species, for instance stock, people, and vehicles (Overton, Smale, Whaley, Fitzgerald, McGlone, 2002). It has been estimated that the naturalised flora species which are present along roadsides are disproportionately early naturalisations that were originally stock-dispersed, and from either or both recent or current agricultural use. The total richness of naturalised flora species on roadside verges can be reflective of habitat and aspects of the neighbouring land use (Ullman, Bannister, Wilson, 1998). Roadside verges, as well as riparian margins and various other ‘waste’ areas, contain patches of wild habitats that can act as reservoirs for naturalised flora species in what is otherwise intensively managed rural environments. However, some studies are indecisive when it comes to naturalised flora species utilising roadside verges as linear dispersal corridors autonomously of the neighbouring land. Rather, naturalised flora populations along roadside verges generally imitate the adjacent land and the naturalised flora communities present on that land. However, there wil l certainly be exceptions to this rule. One example in New Zealand is the Kaffir lily (Schizostylis coccinea) present in mid-Canterbury. This lily is spreading beside roads utilising the irrigation ditches (Webb, Sykes, Garnock-Jones, 1988). Roadside verges present an unusual, generally uninterrupted continuity of a mono-habitat. Given the variety of wild habitats that roads pass through, it is thought that this is indicative of a present absence of nearby sources that can be used for the purpose of propagating, or a propagule, for these species in the area. The role of propagule pressure at local scales in species distributions is well detailed by Levine (2001) in a related riparian structure (Levine, 2001). However, it is vague as to whether various ornamental naturalised flora species that are restricted to roadside verges could maintain their populations without the support of propagules from proximate cultivated sources, especially when it comes to competition from species that are more abundant, such as pastoral grasses, which disperse onto the roadside verges from the neighbouring land. Regardless of the typical dominance of species from neighbouring environments, roadside verges are not merely expansions of adjacent habitats (Angold, 1997) (Parendes Jones, 2000). Roadside verges are frequently continuously disturbed and possess altered soil conditions, particularly in close proximity to the traffic lane. They typically have high light availability, specifically verges next to high-traffic roads (Parendes Jones, 2000). This makes the proximal roadside zone a highly specialised habitat, which in the temperate zones of the Southern Hemisphere is normally occupied by ruderal, or pioneer, flora species generally originating in Eurasia, but they vary with regards to local climatic conditions (Wilson, Rapson, Sykes, Watkins, Williams, 1992). Over in Australia, tropical grasses often establish on roadside verges and before spreading into neighbouring open woodland (Amor Stevens, 1976). Generally, woody varieties of naturalised flora are more uncommon on roadside verges than herbaceous species; however, species such as pines and eucalypts (Healey, 1969) can be frequent on roadside verges, provided there is consistent available moisture and low disturbance rates. Such species as Cotoneaster spp. tend to be most common on roadside batters, which are generally less disturbed by roadside maintenance than the flat areas (Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, Smale, 2009). Naturalised plant species that are present on roadside verges can endure there as wild populations, yet they still may not infiltrate into the surrounding areas of agriculture and native environments. It is possible that filtering effects may be especially strong in climatically severe locations, even where the neighbouring short flora could give the impression that it is open to invasion. Herbaceous roadside naturalised flora are likely to be ephemerals, and are not able to penetrate neighbouring native vegetation, whereas successful invaders are inclined to be less ephemeral (Winqvist, 2003) and functionally similar to native species (Godfree, Lepschi, Mallinson, 2004). When it comes to prairie flora with a mix of native and naturalised ruderal species, the naturalised species are more likely to occur on roadsides than the native species (Larson, 2002). It is possible that similar patterns occur within New Zealand; however, ruderal species either native (Wardle, 1991) or naturalis ed on roadside verges are uncommon. On the other hand, where filtering effects are not as strong, the distribution of naturalised flora along roadside verges may alternatively suggest the initial stages of an invasion into the adjacent flora. In Europe, herbaceous flora could possibly be invaded from 50 to 100m from the roadside verge (Tyser Worley, 1992) and non-native evergreen woody species in the United States, invaded deciduous forests 120m from the roadside verge plantings (Foreman Deblinger, 2000). The effects of planting roadside verges with naturalised plants is exemplified in a study conducted by Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, Smale (2009) regarding the extent of Russell lupins (Lupinus polyphyllus) which has spread from gravelly roadside verges of the Mackenzie Basin into the adjacent degraded tussock grassland, riverbeds will also function similar to roads as key linear corridors for the spreading of plants (Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, Smale, 2009). In other circumstances, the discrepancy between naturalised flora on roadside verges and the neighbouring flora may be rather noticeable. Ruderal species are often limited to roadside verges or, for brief distances, into the neighbouring disturbed woodland in environments both different (Wester Juvik, 1983) and comparable to New Zealand (Pauchard Alaback, 2004). Whilst generally the Eurasian ruderal species do not establish within New Zealand forests, and it is more likely that the roadside verges will be invaded by shrubs and vines that possess comparable features to the native flora present (Williams, Nicol, Newfield, 2001). Within New Zealand naturalised flora on roadside verges are influenced by both climatic and altitudinal gradients (Wilson, Rapson, Sykes, Watkins, Williams, 1992) (Ullman, Bannister, Wilson, 1995). As the environmental responses are comparable to the responses documented in Europe, it has been recommended that establishment of all obtainable roadside verge sites by the naturalised species has occurred, regardless of the comparatively short time-span since their introduction to New Zealand (Ullman, Bannister, Wilson, 1995). However, this is unlikely to be true for all naturalised flora within New Zealand as generally there is a strong correlation concerning the time from naturalisation and habitation on roadside verges, as well as for the reason that there are numerous new naturalisations found on roadside verges (Williams Cameron, 2006). Roadside verges regularly offer the primary and closest opportunity for naturalised plants to establish past the restrictions of agriculture in what is an intensively managed landscape. 25% of recent naturalisations between 1989 and 2000 were gathered from roadside verges (Williams Cameron, 2006); though in part this is because of some sampling bias. The formation of an environment which naturalised flora will find favourable initiates with the construction of the road itself (Greenberg, Crownover, Gordon, 1997). A frequent effect of road construction is an elevation in the levels of the water-table on roadsides which aids the establishment of naturalised flora particularly in wetlands (Buckley, Crow, Nauertz, Schulz, 2003), whereas in more arid areas, the runoff delivers water and/or nutrients which then promotes the growth of naturalised flora (Williams Groves, 1980) more so than with natives (Angold, 1997). More often than not in New Zealand (Ullman, Bannister, Wilson, 1998), as well as in other parts of the world, naturalised grass species are some of the more commonplace roadside verge species (Tyser Worley, 1992), as the altered environment and roadside management is beneficial for them, more so than some of the other naturalised plant species, for instance woody species (Angold, 1997). In Westland, New Zealand, within the pakihi vegetation, the construction of roads has assisted the establishment and coverage of naturalised species by altering drainage patterns (as is the case with Carex ovalis) as well as increasing nutrient availability due to the soil disturbance (as with Holcus lanatus) (Williams, Courtney, Glenny, Hall, Mew, 1990). Roads themselves offer a way of accessing the land for a variety of modes of transportation from large vehicles to animals, and all may transport the seeds of various flora which are then deposited either haphazardly or specifically in various locations. Thus, it is possible for a species to invade more rapidly along roadside verges than across the landscape overall (Guthrie-Smith, 1953). This is indicated by the naturalised flora diversity and abundance found along the more developed roads (Tyser Worley, 1992) where the volume of traffic is greater, though the more developed roads may also possess a more altered and more regularly disturbed habitat along the roadside verge, as well as a higher density of human habitations. A mode of dispersal for various seeds and whole seed heads is the capability to be transported via some form of attachment, particularly to vehicles, specifically the smaller seeds which can be transported by the tyres of vehicles and in the soil itself that is a dhered to them (Schmidt, 1989). As a result, the seeds present on vehicles can originate from various habitats, and a small number of these species, comparatively, are found on roadside verges, yet the seeds of most naturalised species found on roadside verges are also persent on vehicles (Schmidt, 1989). Vehicles are capable of transporting not just the small seeds of naturalised flora species, which are more commonly than not grass species, but urban garden species as well which are generally wind dispersed (for instance Buddleja davidii) or dispersed via animals (such as Pyracantha spp.) (Wardle, 1991). The manner in which vehicles act as dispersal agents can be of particular concern to managers of natural areas, for example, in Kakadu National Park, they have found the seeds of roadside weeds in the tyres as well as the mud on vehicles (Lonsdale Lane, 1994). Unfortunately, a traditional method of washing cars is merely cosmetic, and does nothing to stop the spread of naturalised species via vehicles. As a result it is improbable that something can be done regarding seeds on private vehicles except in special circumstances, the most effective method to protect sensitive areas is to keep vehicles out altogether (Parendes Jones, 2000). Alternatively the approach of disregarding the dispersal vectors altogether and focusing on discovering the originating populations of naturalised species in sensitive areas (Lonsdale Lane, 1994) is possibly the best tactic in New Zealand, however, this may be unreasonable for locating naturalised species that have been spread by four-wheel-drive or ‘off road’ vehicles on tracks away from established roads. People who not only use roads but also the methods employed to maintain roads, principally the use ‘slashers’ on the roadside, are significant vectors for dispersal of naturalised species on roadside verges. Naturalised flora species are particularly dependent on these practices for their vegetative spread, species such as domestic hops (Humulus lupulus) within the Buller catchment, Nelson (Sullivan, Williams, Timmins, Smale, 2009). However, domestic stock is still the primary vector responsible for the dispersal of naturalised agricultural seed species in other parts of the world (Tyser Worley, 1992) (Pauchard Alaback, 2004), because they were preceded the introduction of stock transportation vehicles in New Zealand (Guthrie-Smith, 1953). While currently stock droving is not really practised within New Zealand, it is still possible for stock to disperse the seeds of naturalised species when they get transferred around (Tyser Worley, 1992). For naturalised species of flora to be actively planted and sowed on roadside verges, for the use in methods such as erosion control and even via the dumping of garden waste, has resulted in some significant invasions of flora, for example in the United States, Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) was used on roadside verges for erosion control and bank stabilisation. However, it quickly became a problem due to its rapid growth rate and capability to displace native plant species (Williams, Timmins, Smith, Downey, 2001). Japanese honeysuckle is also a problem in New Zealand (DOC, 2014). Russell lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus) is another species commonly found on roadside verges throughout New Zealand and presents a threat to native areas. As they are an aggressive species presenting a particular threat to Canterburys braided riverbeds, with the potential impacts it could have these ecosystems. Roadside verges are among the areas of habitat suitable for use by environmental weeds and naturalised flora species as they advance their invasions into areas of natural vegetation within New Zealand’s landscape. Consequently, the protection of New Zealand’s sensitive and valuable conservation reserves from invasion by environmental weeds and naturalised flora species would definitely be advantaged by the control of planting and sowing roadside verges with naturalised wildflowers, particularly when used in combination with other weed control methods in neighbouring habitats that would be suitable for naturalised species. Carrie Page