Araby, By James Joyce - 869 Words

Araby In the short novel, Araby by James joyce which was one of the most influential writers in the modernist era of the early 20th century. In Araby, Joyce highlights a young boy who describes the North Dublin Street where he lives in a house with his aunt and uncle. The narrator recalls when he and his friends used to run through the dark muddy lanes of the house to avoid his uncle or when Mangan’s sister came out on the doorstep to call her brother in to his tea. He is obsessed with the young girl: whose brown figure was defined by the light from the half-opened door.† Her dress swung as she moved he body, and the soft rope of her hair tossed from side to side†. He also talks about the previous owner of the house, a priest who died leaving in the back-drawing room some books that he sometimes took a glance at. For the narrator, every day starts when he observes her as she steps out the house and walks quietly behind her on their way to school until finally passing her when their ways diverged . The theme for Araby is disappointment and frustration. On Saturday morning when the narrator accompanies his aunt marketing, he cannot stop thinking about the Young girl. He starts questioning if he will ever have the courage to speak with her mentioned as follows: â€Å"I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration† (Joyce 243). At last he ends up having the opportunity of talking to her and she asksShow MoreRelatedAraby and James Joyce1207 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† is clearly identifiable as the work of James Joyce. His vocalized ambition of acquainting fellow Irish natives with the true temperament of his homeland is apparent throughout the story. Joyce’s painstakingly precise writing style can be observed throughout â€Å"Araby† as well. Roman Catholicism, which played a heavy role in Joyce’s life, also does so in the story which is another aspect which makes Joyce’s authorship of the story unmistakable. As a result of Irish heritage displayedRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce1013 Words   |  5 Pages James Joyce’s short fiction, â€Å"Araby†, speaks of the loss of innocence when one enters adulthood. The narrator of â€Å"Araby† reflects back to his childhood and the defining moment when he reached clarity on the world he stood before. The young boy, living in a world lifeless and religious influence, becomes consumed with the lust of a neighbouring girl. The girl, Mangan, is symbolically the narrator’s childhood obsession with growing up. As she resembles the desire to become an adult, the Araby is theRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce917 Words   |  4 PagesAraby is a short story by James Joyce about a young boy who is infatuated a young woman who is the older sister of one of his friends. He watches her from afar and believes that his feelings are true love. He lacks the confidence to speak to her or confide in anyone else. The narrator spe aks of her as if she were the most beautiful and wondrous human on earth, however, he does not realize that he is in love with the thought of her and not necessarily her. The narrator lives in Ireland as James JoyceRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1315 Words   |  6 PagesThe short story â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce is a young boy who has such an infatuation for his friend Mangan sister, he begins to idolize her as if she was a saint. This is when the idea of love and desire come into play. He simply can’t stop thinking about her and sees her in a godly like way. As the story begins to unfold the realization that the young boy doesn t quite understand the concept of the illusion and the reality of what Mangan’s sister really means to him. The young boy realizes that hisRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce956 Words   |  4 PagesIn the short story â€Å"Araby,† James Joyce uses religion to give a the story deeper meaning. The narrator of the story finds himself in a confusing love that is unrealistic and distorted. In â€Å"Araby,† Joyce uses an underlying theme of religion to portray a confusing admiration that is bro ught to a twisted end. Throughout â€Å"Araby† there is an underlying theme of religion. The boy himself lives with his uncle who is feared by the other kids on the street. If he is seen the kids â€Å"hid in the shadows† untilRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1885 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce both introduce two young protagonist who both share in blinded adoration for young women. Both young men attempts to woo the young woman by proving their nobility. Both efforts go completely unnoticed by both girls and both young men are left alone dealing the aftermath of their failed nobility, which changes the way they view themselves. James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† is a medieval romance set in Dublin, Ireland. As we are introduced to the story, Joyce describes theRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce843 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Araby†, James Joyce uses the young unnamed boy as her main character. Representing himself in this first person view, the main character takes us on a journey that suggests the verge of adolescence. The events that take place in this story create a very clear image for us, reflecting the difficulties a young boy may undergo during the last years of his juvenile life. The awakening is sometimes unknowingly refreshing. He would watch the girl he most desires at times throughout the day as if mesmerizedRead More`` Araby `` By James Joyce1451 Words   |  6 PagesJames Joyce, an Irish novelist, wrote fifteen short stories that depict Irish middle class life in Dublin, Ireland during the early years of the twentieth century. He entitled the compilation of these short stories Dubliners. The protagonist in each of these stories, shares a desire for change. This common interest motivates the protagonist and helps them to move forward in their lives. Additionally, the protagonist has an epiphany, or moment of realization or transformation. In â€Å"Araby†, the narratorRead MoreAraby, By James Joyce Essay1888 Words   |  8 PagesJames Joyce’s, Araby, is an emotional short story that centers around a nameless boy living in Dublin, with his aunt and uncle, who has a consuming crush on his friend’s sister. His love for her leads him to the Araby bazaar, and there he comes to a realizat ion about his immature actions. This event is the basis for the entire story, but the ideas Joyce promotes with this story revolve around the boy’s reactions to his feelings about his crush. Joyce spends much of the story describing the boy’sRead More Araby by James Joyce Essay620 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Araby† by James Joyce   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There seems to be a great deal of controversy surrounding the short story, â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce. This isn’t controversy dealing with various political issues or controversy involving issues of free speech or anything related to these things. It is of a more simple matter: whether the young boy in this story is capable of having a deep emotional realization at the conclusion of the story. It is obvious to me via the final sentence, (Araby, 398), that he does not make

Gay Marriage and Asian Culture Essay - 848 Words

Are gay marriages in Asia viewed with the same perspective as in the American context? The history of gay marriage is short but not liked as much. From the history of gay marriages there are an estimated number of 250 million people who live in places which accept gay marriage; this is about 4% of world’s population. In the 2nd century in Rome, men of the same age were legally allowed to marry where they were considered to be pagans and the marriages were conducted by the Mother Goddess (Celeste 2010). On April 16, 106, the first Gay marriage was documented in which two men, Pedro and Vandilaz were married in a chapel witnessed by a priest. In the United States, majority of Christians are very active in opposing same sex marriages both†¦show more content†¦Jeffrey O’Malley, the director of the HIV group for the United Nations Development Program in New York City says that people cannot deny there is homosexuality (Jyoti Kathmandu 2009). In 1993 the United States government came to realize that the gay marriages were being conducted and as a result they came up with measures to rule out the act. This was supported by the 1996 defense of marriage act in which the homosexuals were denied the traditional benefits related to marriages. In 2003, the Massachusetts Supreme Court brought forth life in the gay supports by ruling out that gays also had rights to marriage. A survey conducted showed that majority were against gay marriages in which twenty seven states passed the constitution on complete gay marriage ban and only ten had the grant (Time Magazine 2003). The argument against gay marriage is that biblically marriage was meant for procreation between man and a woman and that the gay marriage was to destroy the traditional family. It is also argued that same sex marriage is morally wrong. In May 2006, a federal marriage amendment law was put up in the United States to pull aside gay marriages only to be rejected in the United States Senate. According to an article on Lapop, Latin America and Canada are the only nations in America to legalize gay marriage. Linking religion and homosexuality, most Christians who were attending theShow MoreRelatedThe Core Philosophy Of Confucianism1223 Words   |  5 Pagesregarded more significant for the people in the minority or vulnerable groups in our society. However, the mainstream culture and politics in my country China hardly take account of them. This culture and the society sets men, native and heterosexuality as the ideal condition. Although China experiences the fastest economy and modernization in recently decades, the traditional cultures and structures root in the people’s minds without threat. Based on my own personal experience, the existing dominantRead More Comparing William Bennetts Leave Marriage Alone and Andrew Sullivans Let Gays Marry1537 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? For thousands years, marriage has been a combination between a man and a woma n. When they love each other, they decide to live together. That is marriage. But what will love happen between two same sex persons? Will they marry? Is their marriage acceptable? It is the argument between two authors: William J. Bennett and Andrew Sullivan. The two authors come from different countries and have different opinion about same sex marriage. Sullivan agrees with the gay marriage because ofRead MoreMarriage : A Right Or Privilege?1210 Words   |  5 PagesMarriage: A Right or Privilege? Marriage is a well known social norm that is practiced in most societies. In many societies, marriage is recognized as the legal bond between one man and one woman, especially in the United States. However, beginning popularity in the 21st century, the debate on same-sex marriage has grown exponentially. Many people argue that by denying same-sex couples the right to marry they are taking away their fundamental rights as citizens. There are also some arguments thatRead MoreTelevision That Caused An Uproar From Viewers922 Words   |  4 Pagesstabilizing factors. In his essay â€Å"Who Cares if Gays Marriage?† Gregory Blair discusses his issues with the stigma against the constitution for gay marriage. He points out that many cultures have different expectations for marriage. He writes, â€Å"Muslim countries of the Middle East, Asia and North Africa often have accepted polygamous marriages; several central Asian cultures and others often have accepted polyandrous marriages; even gays and lesbians have been married in various types of ceremoniesRead MoreFreedom to Love Essays1088 Words   |  5 Pages　　　　There are different kinds of partners in the world: Black, White, Asian, Straight, Gay, etc. However, not all of them are accepted by the society. Holding someone’s hand in public? It may be the sweetest, most innocent and natural of gesture of affection. However, when it comes to a couple with the same sex, things become completely different. People may think it is disgusting. Therefore, gay couples have to tolerate others’ disgust looks and nasty words, or sometimes even worse -- a punch. TheRead MoreUgandan Laws on Homosexuality744 Words   |  3 Pagesphenomenon of homosexuality has always been a controversy to almost every culture and society. Throughout history, various positions regarding homosexuality have been taken, some oppose homosexuality and some are with homosexuality and have their own reasons. According to John Bancroft, graduate sexologist of Cambridge University and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at (IUSM) Indiana University School of Medicine, of 42 cultures, 41 % are strongly against homosexuality and 33% ignored the concept, thusRead MoreSaudi Arabian and Canadian Culture844 Words   |  4 Pagesthe concept of culture and provide examples of how culture, gender roles and family relation varies from place to place and how it change over time. I will have Saudi Arabia and Canada as the focus. I am going to start by define what Culture means, introduce the countries and talk about the Points in my curriculum goal. About culture The concept culture have some difficult meanings. One of them is culture as in music, preforming, theatre and so. The other meaning of it is culture as in Peoples IdentityRead MoreMarriage Is A Sacred Action, And The Bondage Between Individuals Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage is a sacred action, and the bondage between individuals is powerful. Marriage is one of the greatest moments in ones’ lifetime. Throughout different cultures marriage has a different meaning. In some groups, marriage and your spouse is not your decision and in others you can have multiple spouses. There are several different forms of marriage and different cultures practice those marriages in different ways. Marriage brings about happiness but in some cases it can bring grief and disciplineRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Laramie 1450 Words   |  6 Pagesinherent drama, the author’s talents as a scriptwriter were applied to improve the mutual impact of the events and therefore create a fr ee flowing play. The Fireside The indifference to existence has affected many gay students on college campus to date. Cast member Alex Garip, a gay student was drawn to the play to get the message out because she feels personally ill-treated. She remarks that she feels uncomfortable and safe on campus because of her sexuality. She says â€Å"I have been verbally attackedRead MoreCross Cultural Psychology Notes Essay1291 Words   |  6 PagesWhose values count? Culture: any group sharing values, beliefs, customs â€Å"†¦isms† ethnicism/racism sexism heterosexism (homophobia) classism ageism prejudice against disabled religious bigotry Cultural Competence Familiarity with other groups culture Know thyself People including students, therapist, profs, are humans first and Three challenges to know about yourself Humans rarely contemplate the origin, validity or meaning of their value Humans underestimate the arbitrariness

Latin History Free Essays

MEXICO ECONOMY Mexico is located in North America and known as United Mexican States. It consists of thirty-one states and a federal district with the capital of Mexico City. It is most populous city in the Earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Latin History or any similar topic only for you Order Now The GDP is $1.149 trillion and per capital income is $11,249. the income per capita is $7.310. It is 12th largest economy in the world as measured in Gross Domestic product. The GDP real growth rate is 4.8%. The average annual GDP growth during 1972 to 1981 was 5.5% whereas during 1981-1986 it was only 1.5%. The GDP’s main share is from services 69.4% and the industry captured 26.7%. From Agriculture it is only 3.9%.   The public debt is 23.3% of GDP. Mexico is highly dependent on exports to the United States. The quarter share of the country’s GDP is based on the exports to the United States. Hence the Mexican economy is strongly linked with the U.S. business. The 1994-year is Mexico’s bad year. Of course it starts with acceptance of NAFTA in the year beginning with United States and Canada and ends with dark Christmas with peso devaluation. During the year there are many political problems like Chiapas rebellion, assignations of political leaders. There was such situation the Mexico attacked with the crisis during 1982 and it got recovered by 7 years whereas during 1994 peso devaluation, it takes for 7 months only to get recovery.   During December 19, 1994, the exchange rate is 3.50 pesos per dollar. The consumer demand for goods collapsed. The Mexican interest rate on loans dramatically increased creating a shock in the banking system. Some businesses closed due to increase of market share. The exports increased with high exchange rate TRADE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEXICO AND UNITED STATES 90% of Mexican trade has been put under free trade agreements with over 40 countries. The North American Free Trade Agreement is significant in this regard. 9% of Mexican exports go to the United States and Canada. And imports recognized 65% from these two countries. The exports to Untied States are 88.4% and imports from United States are 68.4%. Mexico is dependent on trade with United States. The U.S. exports to Mexico include electronic equipment, motor vehicle parts and chemicals and in case of Mexican exports to the United States are Petroleum, cars and electronic equipment. Mexico depends more than on U.S. economy whether it may be good or bad. The NAFTA relation between U.S and Mexico completed more than 10 years. Of course, after the peso devaluation, the Mexico economy become stable, perhaps the United States plays major role. Initially, there was a free trade agreement between Canada and United States called Free Trade Agreement during 1988. Thereafter it was included Mexico and fresh agreement is established in the name of NAFTA. It is trilateral agreement. It is an agreement among the United States, Canada and Mexico. The agreement indicates elimination of tariffs of the produced traded in the respective nations i.e. United States, Canada and Mexico. It is planned to phase out tariffs over a period 15 years. Besides the restrictions were said to be removed from many categories, which includes motor vehicles, computers, textiles and agriculture. MEXICO POLITICAL The type of government is Federal republic. Representing political parties are Institutional Revolutionary Party, National Action Party, Party of the Democratic Revolution, Green Ecological Party, Labor party and several small parties. The politics of Mexico are dominated by the three political parties in Mexico i.e. National Action Party (PAN), Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) and the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). The recent federal presidential elections were held on July 2, 2006. President Zedillo and president Fox continued with trade liberalization and several FTAs were signed with Latin American and European countries. Thus Mexico became one of the most open countries in the world of trade. Most Important reform during President Fox period is implementation of Freedom of Information laws. With this effect Mexico City and 26 states supposed to fight against corruption. Hence Mexico becomes international model by usage of FOIA laws and enforcement mechanisms. REFERENE: https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mx.html http://countrystudies.us/mexico/65.htm http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/0,,pagePK:180619~theSitePK:136917,00.html http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/35749.htm    How to cite Latin History, Essay examples

Evolution of Innovation Contextual System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Disucss about the Evolution of Innovation Contextual System. Answer: Introduction Retail sector is one of the key sectors that have experienced an unprecedented success and growth in the last few decades. The sector has witnessed extreme success across the globe with an upsurge and continuous rate of development. The retail sector comprises of selling of services and goods to the consumers by the means of numerous distribution channels. With the growth and development, the sector has also faced continuous changes and modifications which have led a direct impact upon the organisations that are the part of the retail sector. The spectrum of the retail sector is extremely wide and it offers services and products to the con summers from a huge departmental store to a small outlet. The purchasing power and the needs of the consumers are rising rapidly that are resulting in increased developments in the sector. As a result of these developments, the organisations are also making efforts to adjust accordingly. The report will present the significant trends and drivers fo r change which are likely to influence and impact the retail sector and the organisations. There will also be highlighted the theoretical viewpoint for evaluating the respond of the organisations and the managers to respond to the changes. The next part of the paper will throw light upon the qualities and skills required by the managers for managing sustainable responses to the changes taking place in the industry. The retail landscape across the globe has transformed so intensely in the recent year that there has been observed the emergence of a pioneering consumer environment. The traditional ways and norms of performing retail business no longer satisfy the customers in present scenario. The retail sector now positions on the cusp of the powerful modernization and rebirth, driven by the rapidly growing technologies, global environment and the customer centricity[1]. There are several trends and drivers for change that are likely to have an impact and influence the retail sector and the retail organisations. These significant trends are in context with several factors such as changes in the productivity, economic developments, political developments, research and development, technological change and innovation, transformational business models, internal competition and globalization, market developments, empowered consumers, consumer trends, regulatory framework, sustainable development prac tices, social developments and demographic change, disruptive technologies, labour market and gender issues restructuring and human resource strategy and skill gaps and training issues. All these are the significant and the most widely analyzed trends in the retail industry that forces the organisation to have adequate strategies to sustain in the highly diverse and dynamic business environment[2]. Key areas of change Among all the significant trends and drivers of change there are few key and the most primary areas of change that have the most concerned and direct impact upon the organisations and the organisational managers are the disruptive technologies, empowered consumer and the transformative business models. These are the key areas of change with which the managers are required to work with[3]. From the various technologies and up gradations there are few of the disruptive technologies that will impact the retail sector and will offer unprecedented opportunities are Block chain, Augmented reality (AR)/ virtual reality (VR), 3D printing, Digital traceability, Robotics, Artificial intelligence (AI)/ machine learning, Autonomous vehicles (AV)/ drones and Internet of Things (IoT). The use of these technologies will alter or sooner will impact all the organisations of the retail sector and the managers also to manage them in the most efficient manner[4]. The present customer bases are shaping the future of the retail sector. The empowered customers have a rapid and easy access to the information which results in different decision making by diverse set of consumers[5]. There are basically three factors in respect with the empowered consumer on the basis of which there are extreme changes in the retail sector and these three factors are convenience, choice and cost. In terms of choices, the consumers are expecting diverse products and services with utmost specification and in respect to meet these needs and requirements; there is a need to have changes in the production and operational practices and to have continuous development[6]. The second factor is convenience, the empowered consumers wants to have products and services which are available in the most convenient manner. The retailers are now expected to have more of online visibility so that the consumers can have an easy and doorstep access. The third aspect of empowered consum ers is cost; it is essential that the retail sector must have new and pioneering technologies which can reduce the purchasing cost of the consumers. There is a need to manage the costs so that more number of customers can be targeted[7]. Several retail organisations are achieving huge success by incorporating new and innovative business models which have blurred the boundaries that exists between the offline and the online retail[8]. In the upcoming decades, when there will be more and more innovative proliferate business models in the online retail, the physical stores will be continued to take place. But fo attracting the consumers, these stores are required to have a more innovative and strategic approach towards building recognized business models so that there can be increased value propositions for the consumers. In the present scenario there are significant changing trends of digitally enabled business models which are required to be adopted by the retail sector organisations for serving the needs of the consumers and developing a next frontier of the digitalized retail[9]. Role and response of managers/leaders and organisations to the aspects of organisational dynamics generated by the key drivers of change To response to the changes occurred in the retail sector due to various key trends and changes the managers and the organisations have to take several initiatives for sustaining in the dynamic environment. Several authors and researchers have highlighted numerous frameworks and theories that explain the response of the managers and the organisations towards the changes occurred in the industries because4 of several key factors. The researchers have highlighted the importance of managing change by taking use of the adaptive management framework[10]. According to this framework there are six major phases under which the managers try to overcome the issues of changes and try to have a more effective and competent practices to sustain the changes in the industry[11]. In the adaptive management framework the first phase is of assessing problems which states that the challenges or issues which are the result of industrial changes are assessed and analyzed in an in-depth manner, the challenges and their outcomes are assessed in an effective manner. After having assessment, the second phases states designing of appropriate and relevant strategic moves and practices fir managing those changes. For example for sustaining the change occurred due to disruptive technologies, the managers design the operations by taking use of more pioneering and innovative technologies. There is restructuring and effective designing of the organisational process and functions[12]. The next phase is of implementing which means implementing those strategies a nd practices which are framed to manage the changes. By taking adequate measures, these strategies are incorporated and implement in the most efficient manner. The fourth phase focuses upon having a strict monitoring of the strategies implemented to manage the organisational dynamics and the changes generated in the retail sector due to key trends. There is checking and monitoring of various things that these strategies are properly executed and managed or not. The next phase is evaluation in which the results of the strategies implemented and changes incorporated in the business operations and practices[13]. With the help of evaluation, it is checked that whether the outcomes are as desired or not or it is also evaluate that what all issues still prevail in the organisations for sustaining the change occurred in the industry. The sixth phase is adjust, it states that change is continuous and inevitable, thus, it is essential that the managers and the organisations must prepare them selves to adjust themselves in the future also as with the development of the industry and technologies there will be continuous changes in the sector. With the help of this framework, the organisations and the managers are able to respond in a positive manner to the changes occurring in the sector[14]. In the various academic literature there has also been highlighted the Congruence Model for managing the continuous changes impacting the organisations. The mangers and the organisations take use of this model to have a better understanding of the changes and the way in which these changes must be managed effectively[15]. According to this model or framework, there are three key factors that leads to transformation or changes in the industries and that leads to organisational change. The three factors as per this model are environment, resources and history. In context with the changes in the retail sector, it can be stated that there are resource related transformations in terms of new technologies, environment in terms of changing consumer need and preferences and history in terms of innovative products and services. To manage the changes, the organisations adopt strategy to have transformation in the existing processes by the means of four different levels. The first level from where the organisations and the managers start incorporating practices to manage change are at the work or task level where modifications takes place in the business operations. The second level is the informal organisation where the strategies are imposed informally by making the people understand about the need of managing these changes. The third is the individual level where the individual have an approach of managing the changes at their individual level so that they can achieve increased sustainability in context with the changes. And the last and the fourth level is the formal organisation where numerous agreements are prepared and practices are performed at the organisational level where there is increased participation of the managers as well as the employees. When the organisations implement effective strategies for managing changes at four different levels than there is efficiency occurs at two major parts that comprises of the organisational group and the individuals. Both these groups attain increased efficiency to manage the key trends and changes in the businesses and the operations[16]. In understanding the response of the managers and the organisations there is one more well-known framework that helps in managing the changes and having a better understanding of the issues and challenges if the Lewins change model. It is one of the most recognized and well known framework emphasized by the researchers for developing a way to manage the organisational dynamics and the changes is the Lewins Change Model. According to the Lewins Change model, there are taken several steps and initiatives to make an organisation ready to adopt the changes as well as to restructure itself in a manner that it can sustain those changes[17]. The mangers have their vital role in incorporating the framework of Lewins change model at the organisations and achieve desired objectives. According to the authors there are three phases in this model; the first phase is unfreeze where as per the key changes and trends, the managers try to change the existing business operations and other factors to have competitive benefit and to sustain in the dynamic environment[18]. The second phase is change where as per the needs and requirements generated as a result if the changes in the industry, the organisation also have associated changes in its structure and this stage is where the change is implemented at all the levels of the organisations. The mangers check, analyses and evaluate that the operations and business funct ions have incorporated the new changes and now wok as per the demands of the consumers. The last phase is freeze where the managers now freeze the newly adopted changes as per the demands of the industry. The purpose of this stage is that the managers must ensure that the organisations are now working on pioneering technologies and other new factors so that the diverse need of the consumers can be met effectively. All the above mentioned frameworks, model and theories as well as other relevant theories have a direct connection with the organisational changes and the industrial dynamics. The organisations take use of these frameworks for sustaining the market competition, industrial revolution, key market trends and the various other changes which took place in the retail sector. Learning in terms of approaches, skills and qualities required for managing the sustainable responses to change Leaders are the one which have the capability and the competence to change the future of the organisations. In the report it has been identified that there are several trends and changes that are most likely to influence and impact the retail sector. But to manage and sustain the organisations in such a dynamic environment, it is essential for the organisations and the managers to have incorporation of effective approaches, skills and qualities. These activities of the managers will result in better and improved management of the changes and significant trends. There are several leading qualities that are required for the managers to possess for managing the present and the future changes occurring in the industry[19]. The first and the key quality of the managers are to have effective integration among the existing business practices and the required practices to implement because of the continuous industrial changes. With effective integration practices, there develops a sound base for the organisations to have robust application of the strategies and practices in the organisations. The second most vital quality of the managers to have a sustainable response to the changes is to take sue of the most pioneering and innovative technologies so that the requirements and increasing demands of the customers can be met with utmost effectiveness[20]. The other skills and approaches required by the managers comprises of having an analytical and forecasting perspective. With this quality and skill of the managers, there is better understanding of the market trends and the upcoming changes in the industry. They managers who tends of possess the quality of having an analytical targets the foreseen requirements of the empowered customers and implement such strategies and technologies which can effectively manage the dynamicity and can sustain the changes. The next approach or the key skill is restructuring of the business models as there is a need that the business models must be evaluate from time to time and the managers must restructure and have modifications in the business model so that the business models does not loses its efficiency and have the competence to sustain the changes[21]. The other skills, approaches and qualities that can help in managing the sustainable response includes system thinking by the managers for identi fying the paradigms which drive change, mediation skills for facilitating knowledge sharing, fostering innovation, and knowledge sharing, decisiveness, collaborative, skills to empower change, and effectively manage and control the same[22]. The most important skills and quality is to manage the resistance towards change as in the several organisations there are numerous resistances and it is essential that the managers must manage those resistances and have a collaborative approach towards change management[23]. Conclusion Globalization and continuous developments are changing the scenarios and future of the retail sector. It is such a wide and extensive industry which has continuous changes and modifications in the business process and functions. From this report, it has been analyzed and identified that there are several significant trends and drivers for change which impact the organisations. The trends and changes highlighted in the report are the most significant and probable which will be ruling the retail sector in the upcoming decades. It has been concluded that the retail sector is highly impacted as well as influenced by three key areas of change that comprises of empowered consumers, transforming business models and disruptive technologies. The overall analysis states that the innovative and ground breaking technologies are making the employee to become more empowered and demands for diverse, specific and highly fluctuating needs and demands of the consumers. From the report it can also be a nalyzed that there are few frameworks which supports the way in which the changes occurred in the industry. From these frameworks, it has been concluded that in every model, framework, it is essential that the managers or the leaders and the organisations must first prepare the business operations and the workforce to make them ready to have implementation of the strategies which can sustain the change. From the report, it can also be stated that there is a key role of the skills, approaches and the qualities of the managers to manage the changes and to achieve sustainability managing the responses towards the changes that occurred and will be continuously occurring the retail sector. Thus, from the overall analysis, it can be concluded that to manage the rapidly occurring trends and changes in the retail sector, the managers must have a forecasted approach and have proper integration so that the changes does not impact the businesses, their productivity and the efficiency. References IBMP, Interagency Bison Management Program, inIbmp.info, , (2017), https://www.ibmp.info/adaptivemgmt.php accessed 31 July 2017. Comblend, lewins change management model | Comblend. in , , (2017), https://comblend.adtddns.asia/lewins-change-management-model/ accessed 31 July 2017. Armstrong, Michael, and Taylor, Stephen.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. 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