Active involvement through the study circle Essay

Introduction The Study Circle is a dynamic process wherein the experience and participation of the participants makes up the educational method for this program. Since its beginnings, it has been identified as an emancipatory method of teaching wherein a democratic arena for learning is present especially for young adults. The idea underlying this is that learning could be acquired through sharing of participating members (Putu, 2006). History of Study Circle Aiming at transforming his country, a place wherein widespread poverty and a great gap between the poor and rich exist, Oscar Olsson arrived at America in 1893. Olson is searching for a form of education or method that would be beneficial to transforming his country into a place where justice and liberty work side by side with democracy in order for its people to educate or learn by themselves (Andrews, 1997). Olsson soon found out what he was looking for in America in an unlikely place, an adult education movement sponsored by the Chautauqua literary and scientific circle. From this adult education movement, Olsson was able to discover a form of education called Study Circle and is being referred today as the â€Å"education by the people, for the people and of the people† (Andrews, 1997). After learning or finding out about the Study Circle, Olsson came back to his country which is Sweden and here he began to write a series of report about the Study Circle and incorporated his own theories and ideas about the method. At this time, Oscar Olsson principles and views are influenced heavily by John Dewey and it is known that he has the same philosophical, theoretical and practical approach to education to Tao Xingzhi and Yan Yangchu, both considered as scholars who were also influenced by Dewey’s teaching and principles (Persson, 2006). Olsson’s ideals made way for the creation of Sweden Study Circle in 1902 in the Lund branch of the International Order of Good Templar. First of its kind, the Study Circle emphasize four key areas concerning the Study Circle (Persson, 2006). They are the following: 1) In order for everyone to join the Study Circle, the program must be cheap and in doing so, no one would be desist in joining or participating in the program because of economic reason. 2) The method must be simple that everyone won’t have a hard time participating in the discussion regardless of educational background or schooling. 3) Participants shall meet as equals and have equal possibilities to voice out their opinions about their studies regardless of their social status or background. 4) Lastly, the library and books will play an important role in the education of the participants (Persson, 2006). For Olsson, the Study Circle is a method of organizing studies which focuses on the idea that every participant should educate himself. Study Circle educates its participants by letting them choose their own literature and actively communicating with other participants using their own knowledge during groups discussion and meetings. In doing so, Study Circle was known as forum of democracy, in which participants were held responsible for the contents and the method (Persson, 2006). Olsson also incorporated in the Study Circle the joy of learning. He reasoned out that by spending time and energy on education, the brain will get a strong impression that knowledge is pleasure. Furthermore, Olsson agreed that continuous education and questioning could only be supplied by a stable atmosphere and spirit (Persson, 2006). Review of Related Literature Basic Principles Underlying Study Circles Derived from the ideas of Oscar Olsson, didactic principles that emphasize the role of members in a group were laid down to ensure that the Study Circle would function and work according to its purpose (Brattset, 1982). The principles describe the method as an active process, wherein knowledge will be realized into actions and social changes that could promote development. According to Kindstorm (2002), the method espouses the following principles: 1) Equality and democracy – The principles of democracy and equality allow the members to work hand in hand by allowing the exchange of views and information through dialogues and conversation. 2) Change and action – Being responsible for the education of their fellow members, education on Study Circle won’t just be concern on education but also the development of each member. 3) Study Materials – Books and Libraries will play the role of teachers, as they will be the source of new knowledge and information for the members. What subject to learn or book to read will be decided upon by the members. 4) Freedom and the objectives of Study Circle – Study Circle emphasize the idea that freedom comes with responsibility. The members will have to work in accordance with organization’s framework while carrying out their educational duties and work. 5) Experiences and Co-operation – their will be no competing inside Study Circle and every members walk side by side with each other in trying to educate not only themselves but also their fellow members. Their experience and knowledge before entering the program will bring in new ideas and concept. 6) Active participation and continuous planning – Determining the education level inside a Study Circle will depend on how active the members will be in the program. It is through participating that members will have the chance to voice out their opinion and individual knowledge in front of other members and from this, learning from other people begins. Study Circle is built upon the active participation of its members. Furthermore, individuals may learn best by setting up objectives and goals that will serve as their guide during the program. Although things might have changed because of the year gap, Olsson’s ideas set the standard for future Study Circles. Although other ideas came after the first Study Circle was created, the principles that Olsson established were able to ensure that Study Circles will work as he envisioned them (Kindstorm, 2002).

Aggression and gender on sports and exercise psychology

Aggression in sports can be looked at from different perspectives like hostile aggression or violence which is intended to harm someone or psychologically, or instrumental aggression with a goal twin and not to harm and assertive aggression which is a legitimate force with no intent to harm.In some cases sports and exercises are seen as means of controlling aggression in the society. Some argue that sport allows someone to pen up their aggression in an assertive manner. This notion however creates an argument on whether violence in the society is controlled by sports or it’s the sports that facilitate more violence (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).Various theories can be used to explain the nature of aggression in sports and exercises: the instinct/ biological theory which is bent on people are born aggressive which is not believed anymore, the frustration drive theory where one commits an act of aggression as a release, the revised frustration concept which determines if one will rep eat that behaviour for example, the reaction of a coach toward your aggressive behaviour and social learning theory which involves reinforcement and influence and repeating actions that one sees in sports (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).There are various factors that promote aggression in sports and exercise like heat when temperature exceeds the optimal, loud noise and crowding like when riots occur. Psychological factors like low scoring sports and alcohol which can impair the judgement and induce violence.Other key factors include sociological factors like hooliganism and the media. Sport related factors like point spread, playing at home or away, a win or a loss and the standings of the game or sport (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).Aggressive acts are highly motivated, have tremendous release of physical energy and people not afraid of failure or getting hurt. Acts of aggression take place when official appear biased in low scoring games, fans unrealistic expectations of the team, early fouli ng game, player frustration, strong fan attachment to teams, where standings or records are highly different, losing, pain, embarrassment and playing poorly or unusual excitement when one cannot calm (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).There are various recommendations to reduce aggression in sports. The management should deal with alcohol at sporting events, choose calmer colors and make sports events family oriented. The media can help people approach sports in a more humanistic way.Coaches should promote sportsmanship while the officials need to be objective and change the rules of punishments. Players and fans should have individual responsibility (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).On the gender aspect the tendency for men to manifest a higher level of aggressiveness than men is quite evident. In connection to that men perceive aggression in sports to be more legitimate than men. In most cases in sports that are considered male oriented men display more aggression.Generally women tend to be less inv olved in violent or aggressive sports and exercises. Sports whose officials are female also tend to record less cases of aggression than those officiated by men. Again in most games gender has displayed impacts on instrumental aggression because men display more instrumental aggressive acts than females especially in those games are masculine characteristic (Weinberg, & Gould 2007).In other studies men have displayed more stereotypes in officiating than women, for example they tend to penalize women more than men especially in the male dominated sports.In conclusion aggression and gender greatly influence sports and exercise psychology. Gender also influences aggression in some sports.

Belonging Strictly Ballroom

Lack of a sense of belonging is portrayed in the ‘mockumentary’ film â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† through the character Scott Hastings as he is treated as an outcast because he refuse to conform to the mainstream way of ballroom dance. The opening scene portrays the false, fairytale feeling of the world of ballroom dance through the motif showing big red curtains opening with matching theatrical music. The over the top fakery is shown through the fluffy costumes and over the top hair of the dancers in the opening scene. They are shown hugging and exchanging high fives, portraying that they belong because they have conformed to the mainstream way of dance presented by Barry Fife. â€Å"You can dance any steps you like but it doesn’t mean you will win. † This quote spoken by Barry fife shows the power he holds because he controls who wins. Unless you perform his steps that are shown in the video ‘The right way to dance’ you are not going to win. In the extreme close up of his mouth, we see the crooked rotten teeth because symbolically he is a crooked rotten person. When Scott dances his own steps the scene is shown in slow motion with a freeze frame, beautiful music with a pleasing crowd reaction to match shows that everyone including Scott was enjoying the dance. The camera switches to the furious faces of Shirley and Barry fife showing that everyone loved the new steps except for everyone who had confirmed that sat on the federation leaders table. The Table is situated higher than the dancers and audience depicting how they are in charge. Liz’s lack of understanding for Scotts love for his own steps is shown when she threatens Scott to conform to the federation steps for Ballroom dancing. I’m not dancing with you until you are supposed to† Barry has programmed the dancers like robots to follow his ‘Right steps’ â€Å"what did you think of the steps? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. â€Å"I don’t think! † Fran as a beginner dancer does not belong in the ballroom dancing world. Her frizzy hair, acne covered skin, thick unattractive glasses and covered figureless body makes her a target for nasty comments. The Slapstick humour when Liz and Scott knocking over Fran when she is trying to comfort them shows how she is not respected and over looked. Understanding however can give a person a sense of belonging in society or within themselves. Fran and Scott both feel like outcasts because they love to dance their own steps and not conform to the federation â€Å"I want to dance with you your way†. When the song â€Å"time after time† plays while Scott and Fran are dancing, Fran shows Scott what she is capable of proving that she is not a hopeless dancer like everyone stereotypes her to be. Scott tells her to dance without her glasses and we notice throughout the movie the tighter clothing she wears to reveal her toned elegant body structure, portraying as she feels a sense of comfort and understanding towards Scott, she starts to gain her own identity. Belonging Strictly Ballroom Lack of a sense of belonging is portrayed in the ‘mockumentary’ film â€Å"Strictly Ballroom† through the character Scott Hastings as he is treated as an outcast because he refuse to conform to the mainstream way of ballroom dance. The opening scene portrays the false, fairytale feeling of the world of ballroom dance through the motif showing big red curtains opening with matching theatrical music. The over the top fakery is shown through the fluffy costumes and over the top hair of the dancers in the opening scene. They are shown hugging and exchanging high fives, portraying that they belong because they have conformed to the mainstream way of dance presented by Barry Fife. â€Å"You can dance any steps you like but it doesn’t mean you will win. † This quote spoken by Barry fife shows the power he holds because he controls who wins. Unless you perform his steps that are shown in the video ‘The right way to dance’ you are not going to win. In the extreme close up of his mouth, we see the crooked rotten teeth because symbolically he is a crooked rotten person. When Scott dances his own steps the scene is shown in slow motion with a freeze frame, beautiful music with a pleasing crowd reaction to match shows that everyone including Scott was enjoying the dance. The camera switches to the furious faces of Shirley and Barry fife showing that everyone loved the new steps except for everyone who had confirmed that sat on the federation leaders table. The Table is situated higher than the dancers and audience depicting how they are in charge. Liz’s lack of understanding for Scotts love for his own steps is shown when she threatens Scott to conform to the federation steps for Ballroom dancing. I’m not dancing with you until you are supposed to† Barry has programmed the dancers like robots to follow his ‘Right steps’ â€Å"what did you think of the steps? †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. â€Å"I don’t think! † Fran as a beginner dancer does not belong in the ballroom dancing world. Her frizzy hair, acne covered skin, thick unattractive glasses and covered figureless body makes her a target for nasty comments. The Slapstick humour when Liz and Scott knocking over Fran when she is trying to comfort them shows how she is not respected and over looked. Understanding however can give a person a sense of belonging in society or within themselves. Fran and Scott both feel like outcasts because they love to dance their own steps and not conform to the federation â€Å"I want to dance with you your way†. When the song â€Å"time after time† plays while Scott and Fran are dancing, Fran shows Scott what she is capable of proving that she is not a hopeless dancer like everyone stereotypes her to be. Scott tells her to dance without her glasses and we notice throughout the movie the tighter clothing she wears to reveal her toned elegant body structure, portraying as she feels a sense of comfort and understanding towards Scott, she starts to gain her own identity.

Living Abroad Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Living Abroad - Essay Example Access to other states provides the freedom of choice to those people who are not content with limits and intend to broaden own mind. Because traveling is not just a matter of good time-spending, it is also a process of studying, which assists to elaborate new kind of perception, comprehension and emotional arousal. When a person visits various places all over the world, he gets acquainted with foreign culture, lifestyle, customs, morals and manners. This in its turn makes him wiser, more mature and intelligent, enabling to come up with totally new ideas, thoughts, attitudes and sometimes absolutely new dreams. The more a man sees, the faster he saturates own mind with knowledge that helps him to develop own personality and grow. Nature gave us unlimited abilities. That is why our task is to improve ourselves no matter what level we have already reached. Regrettably, not everybody has inner intention to get smarter and more educated, but those who really have it try to perceive as mu ch information as possible. And partly we are able to implement the mentioned plan with a help of different people during communicational process and various places that have own history and events. Therefore, traveling contains several functions, one of which is experience along with self-development. Being an everlasting dreamer by nature, I have a list of goals that should be attained on specific stages of my life. The biggest of them is to make a trip all around the world. It is definitely not an easy scheme, which can take a lot of time, but I am absolutely confident that this dream is worthy having a try. In my opinion, there is nothing so amazingly impressing than to admire foreign countries, hearing another language, searching for places of interest, tasting national food, trying to have a chat with local citizens, and just wandering with a map from one street to another in a hope to find the right direction. Traveling is not just another kind of entertainment, for many peop le it is a real way of life without which they can not imagine own existence. Visiting other countries manages to broaden person’s outlook, making him stronger and capable of great endurance to changing conditions of surrounding atmosphere. It is not random that usually a man who travels a lot turns out to be rather interesting interlocutor, because his way of life allows him to be aware about many things that are hardly known for those people who never go out of native town. A traveler can teach you a lot due to his wide experience and high intelligence. Such person is steadier to foreign environment and there is less possibility that different stressful situations will be able to break him down and push to give up. When you see many things, you become ready for unpredictable issues, which for stay-at-home people can be unsolvable. That is why traveling gives you a considerable advantage, endowing with knowledge that can become essential and rather useful in the future. For example, it is known that each country has its own rules and ethics which need to be followed when you make a visit or deal with people originated there. Hence, in China it is considered to be normal when a person leaves some food on his plate, which means that he is full up and content with master’s hospitality. This is a sign of respect and gratitude. However, in United States of America such gesture can be accepted as offence. People may think that you did not eat up because in your opinion the food was not delicious, even

Americans share the basic beliefs that comprise American political Essay

Americans share the basic beliefs that comprise American political culture yet disagree on many issues along the lines of class, race, gender, and religion - Essay Example It is wrong to discriminate or victimize a person due to their opposing or different cultural orientations. On the contrary this should be used to enhance unity in the nation. Differences in race have been the cause of serious chaos and fights with certain races having been treated as inferior over the others. The fight against racism has yielded well and in the recent past the charges for racial prejudice are quite high. Religious tolerance is witnessed in many parts of the world although there has been serious conflict between Muslims and Christians in some parts of the world e.g. Nigeria. Americans vote along established political lines that have been drawn over the years. Candidates running for the prime positions such as the president have always tried to align their quest and bid to rule the land with the established political cultures so they can reap abundantly and gunner the needed votes. What is funny is that despite people in the United States have differences that range from gender, race, religion and culture but when it comes to elections they always vote in a certain manner that can be predicted easily by political analysts. This paper will therefore look deeply at the factors that are considered in the voting systems in the US and the aspects of unity and thinking that bind the people in the society. The people who vote have interests which are common and the problems that they face in the society are closely the same regardless of the racial, religious or cultural differences that they may be having. This can literally explain the reason why they will form a certain voting culture that can be used to determine how they can vote in an election. During election, the Americans will use their democratic rights and since they are not bound by any law to vote for a certain candidate they will choose their preferred one. However, after analyzing the voting trends the voting must align to a certain trend. This trend is a representation of the

Distribution of Wealth in the Jian and Hindu Religions Research Paper

Distribution of Wealth in the Jian and Hindu Religions - Research Paper Example Different religions have their own set of principles, ethics, and consecrated histories that defines and elucidate how the life and universe came into existence and the significance of life for an individual. Many of the religions and their belief systems have gained the acceptance by the universe, but it cannot come under consideration for the innumerable religions that exist in the world today. Many of the religions have defined themselves in sacerdotal hierarchies; have set structured behaviors for their members, where one should devote himself in the practices of the religion and should honor and give respect for their prayers and the immaculate places. Sermons, festivals, funeral ceremonies, meditation, wedding rituals, cultural characteristics like art, dance, and music are all components that make up a religion. Different cultures follow different values as some religions give more importance to their faiths and beliefs while others highlight the aspect of practice, thus the phenomenon of religion has taken various embodiments. Religions even focus and give high importance to the experiences and the actions of the spiritual leaders along with the incidents that occurred in their times. It has been an observation that a religion also plays a great deal of importance and comes under alliance with government, constitutional and legislative rankings. Although today, the wo rld is living in technological and scientific era, still, religion plays a significant and imperative part in one’s life as it has attained the focus of an individual due to the reason that it revolves around human’s life all the time. Individual tend to react in a calm and tranquil way to their problems and personal disasters and catastrophes as religion and its practice provides a person with the relief of their worries/tragedies. One can shape and enhance their personality, character, and social behaviors in a culture or nation through a source that comes under religion. Another important aspect of religion is that it helps in developing and controlling willpower in young generation as they undergo different changes around and inside them. Religion also teaches to have faith in God and stay away from the undesirable acts that may cause harm to them. As almost every religion has an essential learning that teaches us to maintain peace in the society and world and to h ave respect for all, but sometimes the religious discrepancies may lead to bloodshed, battles and biasness or unfair treatments. Religion is a source of influence and has a lot of supremacy in it, which can bring people of various environment, surroundings, and cultures under one roof for the sake of worship. With the numerous religions practiced all over world, Hinduism and Jainism are one of them that come under practice by the community of Indian subcontinent. The practices of Indian religions including Hinduism and Jainism involve concepts of dharma, karma, reincarnation, mantras, vantras, caste, and darsana. Hinduism is an ancient, primeval and one of the biggest religions practiced in the subcontinent. The concept of karma comes under application in the fundamental customs, everyday principles, and the wedding ceremonies of the Hindus. Hinduism is a religion that comprises of abundant of different philosophies of dharma and the major texts and epics that are of immense importa nce with respect to their beliefs includes â€Å"Mahabharata, Ramayana, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads and Puranas† (Das, pp. 5-45). The distinguished aspects of this religion also include the conviction of Hindus in reincarnation that is

Proposed Tesco Store, Morning Lane, Hackney, London Essay

Proposed Tesco Store, Morning Lane, Hackney, London - Essay Example There will be space for eight other new shops, offices, restaurants and bars. There will be also further proposals, which include building 134 new homes, 414 car parking spaces, 252 cycle spaces and new improved pedestrian routes to and within the Tesco site including the landscaping and pavement widening in morning lane. These developments will have a major impact for the people living in that surrounding area and proper measures will be put to ensure the project is a success. This study will try to critically evaluate the retail, transport and environmental impact of the project. To achieve this proper planning have to be made and the right expert in the different fields that are being undertaken have to be consulted to achieve the desired objective. In addition, to that a detailed coordinated planning application was made which included the [preparation of retail impact assessment, planning statement, statement of community involvement. There was also coordination of the environme ntal statement, and the preparation of an impact assessment on the socio-economic impact and crime and safety (Broun, 2004, 37). The Role and Use of Evidence The use of evidence has been widely used in the planning of the proposed Tesco proposed project. The use of evidence in decision making involves integrating the best available research evidence with contextual factors including community preference, local issues, political preferences, and public health resources. The use of evidence can be applied in a range of decision-making that is at policy development, Implementation and evaluation. The benefits that can be achieved by the use of evidence as a source of information is the adoption of the most effective and cost efficient interventions, minimization of harm to the people and community as a whole and better infrastructure for the individuals and the communities. The evidence, which had been collected, has had major impact on the proposed project and have assisted in the pla nning, implementation and the evaluation of the Tesco project Transport Assessment A transport assessment report was prepared to assess the impact the project would on the transport sector and the community as a whole. An original transport assessment was submitted in 1999 on the site., but the application had some issues like for instance, the traffic queuing at the junction was considered to seriously detract from the character and the appearance of the high street/. There were other two applications, which were presented in 2003 with alternative access arrangements onto Bridge Street. Following consultations with the Highway Authority a supplementary transport assessment was produced to provide the additional information and analysis, this was submitted in the year 2004. There were further discussions with the Highway Authority and the representatives of the Local Plan Inquiry and amendments were made to the access of the road junctions, which now occupy the Bridge House Site. Th e Bridge House was to be demolished and replaced by a new building that was after discussions with the English Heritage. The assessment considered the access of important shopping centers, the trips that vehicles had to make to the store and the impact on the road networks, the walking and cycling abilities through the roads, public transport and for these to be achieved intensive consultations had to be made (Ganz, 2004, 400). According to the assessment, it was agreed that locating the

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Terrorism - Essay Example The first component is use of violence or involvement of threat. Albeit the modern world has recorded the emergence of cyberterrorism where information and communication systems would be employed, physical violence remains a definitive feature of terrorism. Secondly, the violence should be quest for social or political objective. Finally, terrorism would not be aimed at any particular individual since the aim would be to cause psychological harm beyond the immediate objects or victims of the attack. This randomness aims at creating fear. Thus, a useful definition would outline terrorism as random use of violence or threats by an organized group in pursuance of political or social objectives. Examples of groupings that have met these features and thus considered as terrorists include Al-Qaeda, the Irish Republican Army, IRA and Aum Shinrikyo. There are various reasons that would cause a group to launch a terrorist attack. Political motivations have been reported over years. The traditional Irish Republican Army gives an appropriate example of a terrorist group with modest political objectives which fought what it considered as outside domination. Theirs involved small scale bomb attacks resulting into dozens of casualties to attract the attention of the world but not to a large extent alienate members of their community. Internationally, the dominance of few nations having massive political, economic and military power encourages acts of terrorism. Giving an example of Al-Qaeda, Shimko (299) argues on social and political goals motivated by specific forms of religious fundamentalism as probable causes of terrorism. The surges in terrorists that are religiously motivated have been on the increase since 1991. By 1995, they comprised more than half the recognized active international terrorist groups. The magnitude of the September 11 US terrorist attacks makes it unique. Considering it as war would limit action against perpetrators to military action thus the

Successful Student Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Successful Student - Essay Example As a sign, there is a need to establish on what grounds a person can excel in college. Success for college students is as a result of their character before they become a part of the institution and after joining the system. The article reviews on the way a character defines a person and how it induces the success f the Person in the learning institution. The aspect that a person with a bad character cannot or can excel in the education system is part of the script. The argument that earlier character also induces the character that results at college is also a part of the publication. In addition, the aspect of whether the friends of a person influence an individuals character in such a way that they affect the grades in college is a part of the script. The chief aim is to instill skills in an individual in order to prepare the person for the real world. In order for the person to become a success, there is a need to instill knowledge from all facets. The bid is in an attempt of producing an all round person who is capable of living in the high competition of the world. In order for a person to excel in college, it is well enough to think of what they need to become successful. A person needs to have discipline. Training revolves around good character, good time management, respect and the act of expressing logic. In other words, a person must be civilized enough in order to make the most out of college education. Success in college comes from maintaining strict class attendance. The student should have a timetable for all his classes and strive always to get there in time. Timely arrival is important because most tutors use the first few minutes of their sessions, to sum up, the previous lecture. It is not enough to attend classes, but the student must commit full attention and participation while in class. The student should aim to contribute as much as possible and get involved by asking questions. This not only makes them enjoy the class session,

Corporate Social Responsibility and Climatic Change Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Climatic Change - Essay Example The effects of climate change are disrupting business operations and transportation, for example, in the UK; high-sided vehicles are increasingly at risk of accidents from floods and gale force winds. Such disruptions have the effect of reducing customer demand and purchasing power (Dudek and Wiener 1996, Romm 1999), as products and services become less available due to erratic supply. These disruptions also restrict the ability of the business to grow, as the sales revenues will be insufficient to generate profit for investment purposes. Climate change therefore poses a risk to businesses, and the onus is on re-evaluating corporate social responsibility in a bid to gain efficiencies, and to reduce the businesses contribution to the climate change problem. Climate change is commonly associated with industrial factories churning out smoke from cooling towers, however, non-industrial organisations contribute to climate change through their carbon and greenhouse emissions generated by their operations and product/service lifecycle (Grubb 1989, Cantwell 1995, ICTSD 2005). Whilst this represents an element of change and uncertainty, climate change-focused corporate actions can have benefits for the organisation in the way of new products and new markets (Mendelsohn 2000, Richards 2001, Lawrence 2002, Jochem and Madlener 2003). Climate change strategies are also perceived as risky due to the large scale, renewable energy investments that are associated with reducing the carbon footprint (McCarthy et al 2001, Egenhofer et al 2004). For instance, if fossil fuels ran out, Shell, BP and other large fuel providers would have to invest large amounts in alternatives, which BP has started doing with its Autogas even though it is not widely availabl e. The transport industry also contributes to climate change and global warming through vehicle emissions and businesses in this sector are beginning to take notice, and accepting responsibility for the part they play. For instance, in September 2006, Sir Richard Branson, founder of the Virgin Group donated three billion dollars over ten years from his organisation to fund the development of low carbon energy sources such as wind turbines, cleaner aviation fuel and ethanol (BSR 2006). This demonstrates the levels of commitment expected from businesses, and Virgin have acknowledged their role especially as they run train services and flights that contribute to global warming. Corporate social responsibility in United States is now recognised as the fifth largest venture capital investment category after biotechnology, software, medical and telecommunications (CSM 2001, Raynard and Forstater 2002). The market for clean technology is set to expand and is already worth an estimated $40 billion (Raynard and Forstater 2002). This is not surprising considering that the United States is responsible for a significant proportion of global emissions. This is also representative of the increasing market and customer awareness of their environment, and businesses in this region are already capitalising on this. This also demonstrates that businesses are adopting strategies that are action and adaptation oriented to focus on the energy efficiency aspects and renewable energy sourcing (Burton 1996, Adger 2003, Hertin et al 2003, Berkhout et al

A critical essay based on three scenes Essay Example for Free

A critical essay based on three scenes Essay Consider the importance of these scenes in the play as a whole. You should write about:   Dramatic effect   The language of the scenes Presentation of character   Changes in mood and tone Key themes within Romeo and Juliet are conveyed to the audience within the prologue. These themes help the audience to understand the first meeting between Romeo and Juliet and also their later meetings. Within the prologue, it is written by Shakespeare that from these two families, Romeo and Juliet are destined to fall in love; it also conveys the hatred of both families: From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life. The audience has already been told that they are destined to fall in love, it is written in the stars and also are destined to take their own lives. The first impression that helps the reader to understand Romeo is that he is in love with a girl called Rosaline, however Romeo has been rejected. Consequently, Romeo feels very lonely and isolated, and he has also become depressed. This prepares the audience for his meeting with Juliet. Juliet does not come into the story until Act 1 Scene 2, where Capulet, her father, and Paris who wishes to marry Juliet are discussing her. The first impression of Juliet that the audience understands is that she is a very dutiful daughter to the Capulet family. Juliet has also become very obedient. The adults control her in her life, all of her decisions are made for her and she is protected form the outside world. These impressions tell the reader that both Romeo and Juliet are very vulnerable. Juliet has never loved anyone whereas Romeo has been depressed from falling out of love. These all lead up to Act 1 scene 5 where Romeo and Juliet meet. Romeo and Juliet are destined to meet because the servant cannot read and asks Romeo for help. Benvolio persuades Romeo to go so that he can see other woman, however destiny has facilitated Romeo and Juliets meeting. Act 1 scene 5 is the first scene is the first scene where Romeo and Juliet meet each other. There is a mascarade party within the Capulet household. This is the scene where Romeo and Juliet first kiss. Everything builds up to this scene. Firstly, the beginning of the scene shows the presentation of the characters wearing masks to cover their faces. Within this scene, when Romeo and Juliet first meet, Shakespeare changes the language, which they both speak to each other. The language used by Romeo and Juliet speak is very poetic, and also very religious, also Romeo speaks first: This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this. The layout of the way Romeo and Juliet speak is very poetic, and is also in the form of a sonnet. This quote shows that Romeo is comparing Juliet to a shrine and pilgrims: My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand. This play has a strong religious base, as it shows signs of death and marriage. Religion also conveys purity and key elements within life. Romeo and Juliet both speak in a manner of a sonnet. They both speak a full stanza, and then two lines each, and then a couplet, which they both share. Juliet gains confidence as the conversation goes on. As both Romeo and Juliets responses become much shorter, they also move closer to each other ready to kiss. Within the sonnet, the use of a couplet which Romeo and Juliet both share, suggests that they are meant to be: Juliet: Saints do not move, though grant for prayers sake. Romeo: Then move not while my prayers effect I take. This couplet adds an effect that they are meant to be, love at first sight and are immediately attracted. Fate has dictated that they would die together which allows many moments of dramatic irony due to the audience already knowing that it is written in the prologue. The dramatic effect within this scene is the use of religion. Later on in the scene, dramatic irony is shown again as Juliet speaks to the nurse: My grave is like to be my wedding bed. This is dramatic irony, as the audience already knows from reading the prologue that this will come true, as it is their destiny. Act 2 scene 2 is the second meeting where Romeo and Juliet meet. This is one of the most famous scenes in Romeo and Juliet, and also the most romantic scenes in the history of drama. This is the balcony scene where the destined lovers engage in a very poetic and romantic conversation. The mood and tone of this scene is built up by romantic conversation, firstly, Romeo speaking aloud. Romeo dominates this scene, as he is the one who pursues her. He begins the conversation in the opening of the scene. This whole scene is devoted to Romeo and Juliets interaction. Romeo sees light in the window of the balcony, and uses a metaphor to compare Juliet to the sun: It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Romeo compares Juliet to the sun, as light is essential for everyone to survive, as Juliet is essential for Romeo to live. Light is eternal and it shows security and warmth. It is also very pure. Again, within this scene, religion is used to convey Juliets innocence: As is a winged messenger of heaven. Romeo compares Juliet to an angel, which shows love, purity and innocence. Within this scene, Romeo is very poetic, whereas Juliet is pragmatic: If they do see thee, they will murder thee. This shows that Juliet is aware of the consequences that will befall Romeo if he is caught. Within this scene Juliet is very nervous and feels very insecure: Dost thou love me? I know thou wilt say Ay. This quote shows that Juliet feels herself very insecure and questions Romeo about their love. In the scene, Romeo uses a variety of techniques to declare her love: I should adventure for such merchandise. Romeo uses this to persuade Juliet and shows exaggerated devotion towards her. Juliet also changes during the course of the scene. In touch, fair Montague, I am too fond. Juliet uses an epithet- fair Montague which shows that she has had a change in confidence. Juliets perception of Romeo is that he is fair and kind. Romeo gives Juliet his reassurance of their love: Thexchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine. This quote shows that Romeo wants her love. In this scene dramatic irony is introduced again: And the place death, considering who thou art, If any of my kinsmen find thee here. This quote shows that Juliets family will come after Romeo if they find him here, Tybalts violent threats earlier in the play increase the tension. Juliet switches the conversation to where they will next meet: I have no joy of this contract tonight. Once Juliet is sure Romeo is in love with her, she needs a sense of future security whereas Romeo continues to be romantic and live for the moment. Act 3 scene 5 is the third and final scene which Romeo and Juliet are presented to the audience alive. Between Act 2 scene 2 to this scene, Shakespeare has added violence to contrast with love. This is so that the audience can anticipate the tragedy as it builds up tension towards the death scene. Within this scene, the mood has changed from previous scenes where Tybalt has been killed, and Capulet insisting on Juliet marrying Paris, the tension has lifted. Juliet opens the scene, which shows that she is more confident now. Juliet is very poetic: It was the nightingale, and not the lark. Juliet is playing with Romeo, teasing him and with the use of romantic imagery she is trying to persuade Romeo to stay with her. Within this scene Romeo and Juliet speak equally, feeling both equally confident. Most of what Juliet is saying is that she wants him to stay longer, due to his banishment: Therefore stay yet, thou needst not to be gone. This quote shows Juliets insecurity, she needs to feel his devotion. Romeo replies to this question: I have more care to stay than will to go. This response is what Juliet wants to hear to feel his devotion and reassurance of their love. Within this scene, due to Juliet feeling confident, she once again becomes pragmatic: It is, it is, hie hence, be gone, away! . There is again also dramatic irony in this scene: More light and light, more dark and dark our woes! This illustrates that there future is very bleak, becoming depressing as the day goes on. Juliet feels her life is Romeo: Then, window, let day in, and let life out. There is another case of dramatic irony when Romeo and Juliet speak: O thinkst thou we shall ever meet again? . These words are said in innocence but the audience suspect that this will be the last time they are together alive: From these three scenes we can come to a conclusion that Romeo and Juliets relationship was set to end in tragedy, which was their destiny. There relationship dramatically changed over the course of five days. The three scenes in which Romeo and Juliet interact all lead up to the tragic ending. The intensity of their love propelled them forward to a tragic end. Over the course of their love the audience can observe that Juliet is becoming more confident in her love for Romeo. Their seemingly desperate need for each other blinds them from behaving rationally. Their love shows intensity which shows that they were meant to be, as together as one soul. Fate and destiny has made them fall in love and also takes their lives.

In Jonathan Kozol Essay Example for Free

In Jonathan Kozol Essay In Jonathan Kozol’s novel Amazing Grace, religion plays a dominant role throughout the book. As Kozol describes the people in poverty of Mott Haven and the myriad horrible circumstances that they face everyday, religion provides their one and only salvation and solace. It is much easier to ask what these children don’t face than what they do. They face people dying daily, prolonged sickness, crime, drugs, abuse, alcoholism, asthma, poverty, dirt, dilapidated housing. They see people die horrific deaths whether it is from AIDS or a little girl falling down an elevator shaft that nobody would fix. They are denied medical care or given substandard care, which means people don’t get better. They attend substandard schools where they receive less than adequate education. What they don’t face is a lot of compassion or empathy. At a time in America when neo-liberalists would like to get rid of government control of the economy, which results in cutting social programs that directly benefit the poor, religion is their only means of hope. Incidentally, neo-liberalists do not have any problem with government subsidies or benefits for businesses. With the rising sentiment of â€Å"I didn’t breed them†¦I don’t want to feed them† (128), this nation’s poor are shoved away and hidden more and more. They are blamed for the problems they face, and less is being done to help. As Reverend Overall says of the lack of mention of 97th Street, though 96th Street is featured in tourist guides,, â€Å"The papers ignore realities like the waste burner, but they do it in a way that tends to neutralize the dangers almost instantly† (187). 97th Street is poverty, and America turns its back on these people in the name of neo-liberalism. The American public believes as Kozol states, â€Å"If only enough children, we are told, would act the way heroes do, say no to drugs and sex and gold chains and TV and yes to homework, values, church and abstinence, and if only enough good parents, teachers, volunteers, and civic-minded business leaders would assist them in these efforts, we could turn this around† (240). This again is blaming the victim, not the society who created these conditions at all. As long as the poor are hidden away in places we run from, the inequalities will continue to exist. And when faced with such an extensive list of problems, what can these people do? They can turn to religion. Religion provides them hope. Churches provide them with food and clean needles and community organizers as well. Church becomes the focal point around which their lives revolve. As Father Glenwith Miller says, â€Å"Many here a great deal more devout then people you would meet in wealthy neighborhoods. Those who have everything they want for need have often the least feeling for religion. The rich are very busy storing everything they can accumulate: wealth, power, or prestige†¦Still I think it grieves to hear of God when human beings created in His image treat other human beings like filthy rags† (78). This quote says a great deal about why people of Mott haven are so religious with a comment about the social responsibility of humanity as well. People from Mott Haven come to church in order to escape bullets and crime for a brief respite. They use church to take away the harshness and darkness of their own lives. Church is someplace where they can hope and dream for something better than they have. Kozol wants the reader to truly understand the power religion has to buoy their spirits against the rising tide they must face everyday—the guns, the violence, the drugs, the sickness, the injustice. A nightly prayer for Mrs. Washington’s children is â€Å"God bless Mommy. God bless Nanny. Don’t punish me because I’m black† (69). Others express the sentiment that god provides a better place after death or are just thankful that God has allowed them to live. Kozol asks Shirley Flowers, a friend of Reverend Overall’s, â€Å"Do your children have the same belief in God that you do? † She replies â€Å"Yes†¦They do. This family talks to God† (169). And when a student of Gizelle Luke’s is asked â€Å"Who do you look up to? , he replies I look up to God, my mother, and myself† (33). These quotes are used to show just how important religion is as a force in their lives. Father Glenworth Miles discusses the importance of God in this community. We are not literal fundamentalists here†¦We see God as a liberating force who calls us to deliver people from oppression. The apparent consensus of the powerful is that the ghetto is to be preserved as a perpetual catch-basin for the poor. It is not about annihilating segregation or even about transformation of the ghetto, but setting up ‘programs’ to teach people to ‘adjust’ to it, to show a ‘functional’ adaptation to an evil institution†¦As a religious man, I see it as my obligation to speak out against this, not to bend the poor to be accommodated to injustice but to empower them to fight it and to try to tear it down† (81). He determines it to be

Self Reflective Of Teamwork Experience Nursing Essay

Self Reflective Of Teamwork Experience Nursing Essay Good teamwork plays a crucial role in implementing and fulfilling common goal quicker and better in a team project. Every team member plays his or her particular role and takes on different responsibilities which combined together can make the team function well and achieve common goal. In different stages of teamwork, conflicts or arguments may occur as members have different standpoints which need be harmonized within the team. The key to effective teamwork is to exploit each team roles unique abilities to motivate them play up strengths and avoid their weaknesses with a proper balance. Through teamwork, I clearly recognize my role characteristics, learn to develop my strong points and circumvent weaknesses in the team, and draw lessons and reflections on how to deal with emergencies happened in teamwork. Every member in a team will have his or her role different from others. According to the Team Role Theory that Dr Meredit identified and developed, different individuals act different team roles to varying degrees which he grouped into nine general kinds (Belbin D.M., 2007). By identifying characteristics of different kind of roles, we can ensure to make the most of every member and manage weaknesses to avoid them. There are four roles in my team. Student A is a shaper; Student B and student C are team-workers; Student D is an implementer; and I am a completer finisher. Completer finishers, just as its name implies, are painstaking, conscientious and used most effectively at the end of a task worked as quality controller, to search out errors and omissions, modify and polish them, and finally make sure the task delivers on time (Belbin D.M., 2007). But on the other side, completer finishers are inclined to worry unduly because of their perfectionism and have difficulty letting go and delegating work (West M, 1994). My role is important to teamwork guaranteeing task finished as scheduled and improving team performance to high quality. As completer finishers are always perfectionists with conscientious and disciplined characteristics, I have the capacity for follow-through and attention to detail, to spot errors and gaps and modify them for better. I do not allow any delay in task completing and think highly of punctuality. Owning to my role characteristics, I always keep an eye on the team members work process to recognize if task is undertaken as scheduled timetable and finished per our completion requirements. This works effectively and efficiently to make our team goal accomplished and standardized. But I also need admit that I am easily irritable and worried unduly, which might bring unnecessary air of tension to the team members and will affect their personal emotions and somewhat derail the work efficiency. For instance, when student A did not finish the scheduled task on time, I will thin k it was quite an irresponsible act and get quite fussed. During the teamwork experience, I felt teamwork is not an easy job. In the evolve of team building, Tuckmans teamwork theory of Four Stages of Group Development can help me better understand and manage various problems or unexpected circumstances that might happen at different stages of team development (Miller DL, 2003). According to Tuchman, there are four phrases in team evolve: forming, storming, norming and performing (Tuckman, online). During my experience from this teamwork, in the four different stages of group development, both positive and negative circumstances happened and need be taken care of. The initial stage of team development is forming. In this stage, individuals are not united quite well yet and it will be difficult to reach agreement. Each member is eager to find their place and hardly can feel a sense of belonging within the team (Scott D. J., 2000). As members are nearly strangers, they do not know clearly about their purpose and strongly need a leaders guidance to tell them why they are together. To overcome the problems caused for the forming stage and prepare for the following team task, our team opened some meetings in the library to build trust within each other. But some unexpected thing happened in our first meeting. Student A did not show up when everybody else were waiting for his appearance. He was not in Preston and went outing at that time. He did not check email while the notice of meeting was spread within the team by email only as we usually use email for connection and not thought for the accident somebody might not check email sometimes. This was an unhappy accident and we learnt to recheck for some unconfirmed uncertainties to avoid such accidents happening again. Through meetings, my leader illustrated the team task and general agenda and regulations for task completion. Tasks were divided and allotted to each person concerned. This stage is important as it paves the way to next team stages smooth development. Each members strengths and weaknesses need be identified and thus can make sure each one play up strength and be arranged to finish the most appropriate part. If we can allocate different tasks to the right person, efficiency of teamwork will be elevated greatly which will do better to individual motivation and avoid less conflicts or complaints within the team. When the forming stage finished, individuals began to see themselves as part of the team and will sense a belonging and motivated to work together. The storming stage is coming as clash of views and collision of all sorts of train of thought slowly gather together which is enough to make a storm for both brains and teamwork (Tuckman, 1977). In this stage, team members can easily challenge each other due to individuals held different points of view towards the same thing. Using Tuchmans word to say, conflict and contradiction typify this stage as differences surface. Actually this happens many times in our team discussion. Each individual had different attitudes towards same question, and all would appreciate others to accept and think the way as has suggested. For example, when we were discussing in one of the meetings, student D expressed his opinions with his standpoints which student B and me thought good and gave support. But student A and student C had quite different ideas. The refore conflict is unavoidable. If we vote to decide which idea will be adopted, student A and student C will feel unsatisfied and reduce teamwork initiative. I figured out that student A and student Cs standpoints had some plus points if melted into student Ds ideas, so I tried to convince both sides to modify their ideas and harmonize a generally accepted scheme. For many times we felt the storming stage was wasting lots of time for endless arguing and loss of focus on the completion of common task. But through our efforts to polish each other based on mutual respects, we finally learnt the further meaning of teamwork and realized in a team the collective interests and team performance is above all. This is a stage for team members to harmonize their ideas and team leader played important role to coordinate and help for decision making to the method of how to get the task done. Besides, each team member should not only learn independent thinking, but also to appreciate and respect others ideas and opinions, thus to figure out some balance within the team and finish the team goal in a peaceful and beneficial way. When experiencing a smooth transition of the storming stage, the stage of norming seems to be overcome more naturally and easily. The norming stage is a stage where team members start to trust more on each other and unite together to process the task with more teamwork with a growing sense of togetherness (Gersick, 1988). With the forming and storming stages development, our team gradually grew more mature and teamwork was achieved more effectively and efficiently. Team members now would follow team principles and behave for the best of the team. The stage of performing is the final stage which focused on task refreshing, implementing and completing. All teamwork combined to provide synergy for performance is delivered through people working effectively together (Tuckman, online). In this stage our team had many modifications towards task structure and manifestation. Thus team members can be allotted for new tasks or complete for others tasks as well. We had an accident in this stage which was finally settled imminent but no threatening to final team performance. Task of conclusion was assigned to complete by Student A which I emphasized many times in our discussion. He did not spell any disagreement before but didnt finish for this part until the deadline for task completion. Despite his irresponsibility, I also made a mistake that silence did not mean agreement. But it was urgent and no time to look into who was to be blamed, finally team leader took on the responsibility to finish this part by himself. Despite this little accident, process executions of our teamwork were quite smooth and efficient. Team members finished their tasks as scheduled and we worked together to point out each others mistakes and improve team performance in final presentation. Through the four stages of group development, I learnt that good communications and discipline are very important to make a team work more efficient and unity together more tightly. Besides, mutual respects, trusts and understanding are essential to achieve common goal. When people learn to appreciated and support each others efforts, individual is highly motivated and inspired to improve work efficiency. That is the charm of teamwork which I enjoy for the most. From this teamwork experience, I strongly feel the importance of teamwork and the amazement it may bring for quality task completion and goal achievement. It teaches me to coordinate with others and as an individual to put group interest in the first place. Maximizing individual strengths and minimizing weaknesses to achieve a teams common goal and harmonizing team members standpoints to some balance is the charm only teamwork can bring and make each individual have better play. Reference: Belbin.D.M, 2007. Belbin Team Role Theory. Online available at: http://www.belbin.com/rte.asp?id=8 Belbin.D.M, 2007. Belbins Team Roles:How understanding team roles can improve team performance. Online available at: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_83.htm Gersick CJG, 1988. Time and transition in work teams: Toward a new model of group development. Academy of management journal. Miller D.L., 2003. The Stages of Group Development: A Retrospective Study of Dynamic Team Processes. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, Volume 20, Issue 2, pages 121-134. Scott D. Johnson et al, 2000. Team development and group processes of virtual learning teams. College of Education, University of Illinois. Tuckman BW, 1977. Stages of small group development revisited. Group and organizational studies. Tcukman, 2001. FAMOUS MODELS, Stages of Group Development. Online available at: http://www.chimaeraconsulting.com/tuckman.htm Tuckman Theory, Tuckmans Team Development Model, online available at: www.e3smallschools.org/download/TuckmansTeamDevelopmentModel.pdf West M, 1994. Effective Teamwork. The British Psychology Society.

censorship Essay -- essays research papers fc

â€Å"Censorship is the act of suppressing publications, movies, television programs, plays, letters, and so on that are considered to be obscene, blasphemous, or politically unacceptable† (MccGwire 4). Censorship should be enforced because it is needed into today’s society. Censorship needs to be used in media, hate speech, and obscene material.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin with, the media has very negative effect on society as a whole. â€Å"The mass media—movies, television, and recordings—need to be regulated, and not only because of appeals to irresponsible lust†(Lowenthal 19). â€Å"They have immersed us in violence as well, habituated us to the most extreme brutality, held it up as a model and surrounded us by images of hateful human types so memorable as to cause a psychological insecurity that is dangerous†(Lowenthal 19). â€Å"The only answer is governmental regulation, if necessary prior to publication—that is, censorship.† (Lowenthal 19). The media has influenced young children into thinking that violence is acceptable. Children learn acceptable codes of conduct by imitating their mentors and others, such as celebrities that they look up to. Society needs to set a good example for children so that they can build bright futures for themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The media is partly to blame for many of the hate crimes that take place in today’s world. â€Å"Perhaps you have seen ‘studies’ by some experts telling you that depictions of violence do not lead to violent b...

Nationalism In The Global Village Essay -- essays research papers fc

INTRODUCTION With the dawning of the information age there has been a shrinking of relative distances between people and places all over the world. With an increase in international communication comes an increase in cultural sharing. Cultures all over the planet reflect influences of neighboring cultures and other international trading partners. As these and many other factors work towards creating a global village many people are baffled by the increase in nationalism. Nationalism is a highly emotional phenomenon and as such is very unpredictable. Nationalism is far beyond its peak and the current rise is likely only an indicator of the transitional stage of globalization. GLOBAL VILLAGE Today it is common to here the term "global village" used in every day conversation. It is also common to here someone say, "What the hell is the global village?" The global village is the idea that the world and its people form an interconnected social whole, a village of common interests and concerns, linked by global communication, media, and rapid international transportation. The global village has emerged via the birth of the information age. Technological advances have continually stretched the bounds of our communication abilities and by using improving cellular phone technology or the Internet any individual can interact with another individual from a completely different culture. Since it is so easy and affordable to engage in these cross-cultural experiences, more and more people have been doing so. Cross-cultural exchanges often rise from or result in common interests or concerns developing. For example, international companies have a vested interest in the economies of the various countries in which they conduct business. The stronger the economies the better business will be. This is the sort of common interest and concern that the global village encompasses. All cultures are continually evolving and the information age has increased the ability of one culture to influence another culture. As all cultures begin to adopt features of other cultures the population of the planet begins to develop a homogenous culture. Recognition of this global culture is what led to the belief that a global village exists. Global media, while a strong influence of global culture, is not the onl... ...ssel, 1954. Couture, Jocelyne, Kai Nelson and Michael Seymour. Rethinking Nationalism. Calgary: U. of Calgary Press, 1998. Levinson, David and Karen Christensen. The Global Village Companion: An A-Z Guide to Understanding Current World Affairs. Santa Barbara: ABC - CLIU, 1994. de Blij, H.J., and Alexander B. Murphy. Human Geography: Culture, Society, and Space. 6th ed. New York: Wiley, 1998. Dickerson, Mark O. and Thomas Flanagan. An Introduction to Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach. 5th ed. Scarborough: Nelson, 1998. Hooson, David. Geography and National Identity. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell, 1994. Malamud, Carl. A World's Fair for the Global Village. Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 1997. Rollin, Roger. The Americanization of the Global Village: Essays in Comparative Popular Culture. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1989. Sathyamurthy, T.V. Nationalism in the Contemporary World. Totowa: Allanheld, Osmun and Co., 1983. Taylor, Peter J. Political Geography. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1989. NATIONALISMS ROLE IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE APRIL 8, 1999 Geography 215 For: Dr. Williams By: Jeremy Karwandy # 944 944 Nationalism In The Global Village Essay -- essays research papers fc INTRODUCTION With the dawning of the information age there has been a shrinking of relative distances between people and places all over the world. With an increase in international communication comes an increase in cultural sharing. Cultures all over the planet reflect influences of neighboring cultures and other international trading partners. As these and many other factors work towards creating a global village many people are baffled by the increase in nationalism. Nationalism is a highly emotional phenomenon and as such is very unpredictable. Nationalism is far beyond its peak and the current rise is likely only an indicator of the transitional stage of globalization. GLOBAL VILLAGE Today it is common to here the term "global village" used in every day conversation. It is also common to here someone say, "What the hell is the global village?" The global village is the idea that the world and its people form an interconnected social whole, a village of common interests and concerns, linked by global communication, media, and rapid international transportation. The global village has emerged via the birth of the information age. Technological advances have continually stretched the bounds of our communication abilities and by using improving cellular phone technology or the Internet any individual can interact with another individual from a completely different culture. Since it is so easy and affordable to engage in these cross-cultural experiences, more and more people have been doing so. Cross-cultural exchanges often rise from or result in common interests or concerns developing. For example, international companies have a vested interest in the economies of the various countries in which they conduct business. The stronger the economies the better business will be. This is the sort of common interest and concern that the global village encompasses. All cultures are continually evolving and the information age has increased the ability of one culture to influence another culture. As all cultures begin to adopt features of other cultures the population of the planet begins to develop a homogenous culture. Recognition of this global culture is what led to the belief that a global village exists. Global media, while a strong influence of global culture, is not the onl... ...ssel, 1954. Couture, Jocelyne, Kai Nelson and Michael Seymour. Rethinking Nationalism. Calgary: U. of Calgary Press, 1998. Levinson, David and Karen Christensen. The Global Village Companion: An A-Z Guide to Understanding Current World Affairs. Santa Barbara: ABC - CLIU, 1994. de Blij, H.J., and Alexander B. Murphy. Human Geography: Culture, Society, and Space. 6th ed. New York: Wiley, 1998. Dickerson, Mark O. and Thomas Flanagan. An Introduction to Government and Politics: A Conceptual Approach. 5th ed. Scarborough: Nelson, 1998. Hooson, David. Geography and National Identity. Oxford and Cambridge: Blackwell, 1994. Malamud, Carl. A World's Fair for the Global Village. Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 1997. Rollin, Roger. The Americanization of the Global Village: Essays in Comparative Popular Culture. Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1989. Sathyamurthy, T.V. Nationalism in the Contemporary World. Totowa: Allanheld, Osmun and Co., 1983. Taylor, Peter J. Political Geography. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 1989. NATIONALISMS ROLE IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE APRIL 8, 1999 Geography 215 For: Dr. Williams By: Jeremy Karwandy # 944 944

Comic Book Literature :: Reading Learning Education Essays

Comic Book Literature It's funny how time flies and how the memory seems to go with it. I remember when I was fourteen and decided to write the great American novel. I thought then that I was going to have to like the dreaded of all subjects, English. I gave it a good try. I gave 110% to the writing assignments, read most of what they told us was good, and really tried diligently to care about gerunds. But like it or not, a lot of English was drier than my grandmother's skin. I tried remembering some of the things my classmates and I read in our junior high school English classes and I managed to come up with a few: The Canterbury Tales, Romeo and Juliet, and A Rose for Emily, other than that, I draw a blank. Seems I spent less time reading the textbook than I did the comics I hid inside it. I look back at that time now with affection. The eighties and early nineties were a revolutionary period for comic books. With comic book writers like Grant Morrison, Frank Miller, and Alan Moore, children didn't graduate from reading comic books into reading other things; the comics seemed to mature with us. Of course, our teachers didn't see the literary revolution occurring in coming books – I'd wager most of our teachers hadn't read a comic book since their own youth. But now the comic book readers of the eighties are coming of age, we're entering the workforce, we're slowly taking over the world, and it's time we made a few changes. If I were to ask teachers if they taught or considered incorporating comic books into their lessons, the answer I expect from most would be â€Å"no.† Comic books, while another form of creative writing is not represented in nearly all of today's literature textbooks, even though comics have been around for centuries. According to Will Eisner, comic creator and advocate for comics in the classroom, â€Å"Long before the invention of the alphabet, which depends on readers' ability to memorize its code, sequential pictures were used to record knowledge and communicate man's experiences, either read or imaginary† (75). I think this issue may have started because comic books are not simply a medium based on words as a short story is. Instead, comics are words juxtaposed with art work – art work that often times seems very iconic, almost –dare I say— cartoonish . Comic Book Literature :: Reading Learning Education Essays Comic Book Literature It's funny how time flies and how the memory seems to go with it. I remember when I was fourteen and decided to write the great American novel. I thought then that I was going to have to like the dreaded of all subjects, English. I gave it a good try. I gave 110% to the writing assignments, read most of what they told us was good, and really tried diligently to care about gerunds. But like it or not, a lot of English was drier than my grandmother's skin. I tried remembering some of the things my classmates and I read in our junior high school English classes and I managed to come up with a few: The Canterbury Tales, Romeo and Juliet, and A Rose for Emily, other than that, I draw a blank. Seems I spent less time reading the textbook than I did the comics I hid inside it. I look back at that time now with affection. The eighties and early nineties were a revolutionary period for comic books. With comic book writers like Grant Morrison, Frank Miller, and Alan Moore, children didn't graduate from reading comic books into reading other things; the comics seemed to mature with us. Of course, our teachers didn't see the literary revolution occurring in coming books – I'd wager most of our teachers hadn't read a comic book since their own youth. But now the comic book readers of the eighties are coming of age, we're entering the workforce, we're slowly taking over the world, and it's time we made a few changes. If I were to ask teachers if they taught or considered incorporating comic books into their lessons, the answer I expect from most would be â€Å"no.† Comic books, while another form of creative writing is not represented in nearly all of today's literature textbooks, even though comics have been around for centuries. According to Will Eisner, comic creator and advocate for comics in the classroom, â€Å"Long before the invention of the alphabet, which depends on readers' ability to memorize its code, sequential pictures were used to record knowledge and communicate man's experiences, either read or imaginary† (75). I think this issue may have started because comic books are not simply a medium based on words as a short story is. Instead, comics are words juxtaposed with art work – art work that often times seems very iconic, almost –dare I say— cartoonish .

A study of Arthur Conan Doyle’s Essay

Of the five Sherlock Holmes stories we have read, I will be writing about â€Å"The Silver Blaze†, â€Å"The Speckled Band† and â€Å"The Man With The Twisted Lip†. Sherlock Holmes, of 221 Baker Street is one of the most remarkable and remembered detectives of his time. Holmes is unlike any other fictional detective, as he seems almost too clever at times. Holmes is famous for his powers of observation and deduction. Holmes is able to change his age and gender in order to help solve a case but the image that sticks in most peoples head’s is of him in a ear-flapped traveling cap and with a pipe in his mouth Arthur Conan Doyle began writing the stories 100 years ago, he chose set them in the past times, although to him the stories were set in the present tence. I can tell the stories are set 100 years ago because of the language, clothing and transport. In each story Holmes is required to travel up and down the country in order to solve the cases. He often travels by 1st class carriage, this shows he is of the upper class and will appeal to the readers, as they too were probably upper class when the stories were first wrote. In â€Å"The Speckled Band† Holmes and Watson travel by Pony Trap, this is another type of old fashioned transport. Cars were not around at the time the stories were written, however if they were used this would spoil the story as it would ruin the setting. The old fashioned language also plays a key part in the setting, some of the words and phrases Holmes uses are no longer used in modern day society such as â€Å"Pray continue your narrative† and â€Å"alas† that are used â€Å"The Speckled Band†. In the Silver Blaze Holmes says â€Å"Helloa† not only is this old fashioned language but also is it slightly unorthodox for Holmes as his grammar is of a high standard. I think the setting appeals to the readers as there are no other old fashioned fictional detectives. In the modern day detective stories the detectives are not able to appear as clever as Holmes as they can solve their cases by taking D. N. A samples and matching them up with the suspects, leaving the hard work to science. As this sort of technology had not been invented while Holmes was alive, he had to solve the cases using only his intelligence and powers of observation. Each story is started in Holmes’s rooms, this too shows that Holmes was well off as houses in London were not cheap at the time. Another piece of evidence to show that Holmes was of the upper class is that he had his own maid that cooks and cleans, although Holmes is never seen eating. Although Holmes does not charge for his services, all of his clients are wealthy people. In â€Å"The Speckled Band†, Holmes’ client Mrs Hudson, lives in a large house in the country. The fact that all Holmes’ clients are wealthy and important shows that Holmes too is important and wealthy. If Holmes dealt with poor less important people or less challenging cases it would ruin his reputation and the story as it takes a complex case to make a good story. Of the three stories we have read, each has followed the same basic structure, the structure plays a key part in all of the stories, as it is the same throughout all of the stories it allows the reader to understand what is happening and to feel more involved as they know what will happen next. Each story starts with a brief comment from Watson, he will always try to make this case seem better than the previous one by saying things like â€Å"Of all these varied cases I cannot recall any which presented more singular features†. Here Doyle is trying to hook the reader into reading the rest of the story by making them believe that this story will be better than the last. The case will then begin with a troubled client finding Holmes, never the other way round, as Doyle does not want to make Holmes appear desperate by looking for clients. The client explains their case before leaving it for Holmes to solve. Although Holmes does not advertise his services in any way, his clients always find him, this is often because someone has recommended him. â€Å"I have heard of you from Mrs.  Farintosh, whom you helped in the hours of here sore need. † The fact that the client always finds Holmes largely adds to his reputation. There is one main difference in the opening of the stories, this is in â€Å"The Man with the Twisted lip† where start of the story is set at Watson’s house. The main difference here is that the client has not come to Holmes or Watson but to Watson’s wife, â€Å"Folk who were in grief came to my wife like birds to a light house† this also gives Watson a chance to explain the case to the audience before explaining it to Holmes. Conan Doyle has started the story like this mainly to give Watson a chance to shine and show that there are some differences in the structure of his stories. Although Watson is portrayed as being quite stupid, this is only because he is out shone by Holmes’ intelligence, Watson is in fact a doctor and although he does not solve any cases he does come to some significant conclusion. The next part of the story will involve Holmes and Watson traveling to the scene of the crime, which is a crucial part of the story. During their journey Holmes will often become â€Å"buried in the deepest thought†, here Holmes is already beginning to think of what may have happened before he has any real evidence. Although Holmes tries to distance himself from the police force his methods are exactly the same as that of the police. Each time Holmes visits the scene of the crime he is able to deduce more than anyone with him, often Watson. Holmes will then drop a red herring by offering a false conclusion, e. g.in â€Å"The Speckled Band† we are lead to believe that the gypsies are responsible for the murder as Holmes thinks this, at the end of the story we learn that the gypsies had nothing to do with the murder and that they were the red herring. The red herring is often the same conclusion that the readers and Watson had come too. In each story red herring is designed to throw the audience off the right trail. It offers a too-easy conclusion to the case, tempting us to take the bait and making fools of us if we do, although after reading a few stories we know that Holmes first conclusion will be a red herring therefore prompting us to discard it.

Effects of Maternal Employment on Infant Development Essay

The topic of this makeup is the debate of whether or non agnate function has any effect on infant bustment. Research on this depict topic has recently belong public collectable to the rise of charming m an different(prenominal)s anyplace the past several decades. Their increasing add up in the workplace and decreasing numbers as stay at plaza moms argon creating a number of contrary tell aparts to be studied. The effect of maternal economic consumption atomic number 18 determined by a number of factors that include, the bewilders calling satisfaction and drive, make out of work, and the buzz offs opinion of quality versus quantity clock cadence with babyren.The main concept at trade here is the importance of an attachment in the low some years as existence vital to a frys later development. One perspective of the argument backs up this fact express that it is all-important(a) for a squirt to commit their induce national with them during this pe riod of development. The other status argues that they argon finding that it may be to a greater extent beneficial for the nipper to be located in just about form of nontraditional vex environment. This cover will examine these varied effects on infant development whether they ar positive or negative.There are two sides to this argument as evaluate for any issue in debate. I will discuss these two sides by using the arguments of enquiryers that befool studied this topic and written articles on their opposing ghosts on maternal employment. I will add separately these two researchers different weighs on with their findings. aft(prenominal) I postulate summarized about of their findings I will be pass oning my avouch personal view on this topic. The authors disceptation the yes side of this debate are, Jay Belsky and David Eggebeen.Their purpose in writing on this issue was to mend upon some of the issues involved in what has live on k right offn as the infant s olar mean solar daytime caveat controversy. They reviewed previous studies of maternal employment and of the infants involved receiving various types of non-parental cope and represent that the nipperren that received the type of non-parental sustainment acquirable in the United States for 20 or to a greater extent hours a week during their prototypical year of life are at a higher risk of evolution insecure attachments to their scrams and stir been kn cause to act with adults and act more aggressively toward their peers as 3 to 8 year olds.It was exchangeablely name that the kidskinren that had received perplexity for 20 or more hours per week during their first year and this bid continued by means of their preschool years did poorly academically and amicablely than the children that had not received full-time kick until sometime later. Sometime later referring to at least after the childs molybdenum year of life this is due to research that has likewise sh bear that children that began full-time allot for 30 hours a week in their second year functi peer littled just as poorly as these children whose foreboding was initiated in their first year of life.These studies have been examined by many researchers, each of them varying and cosmos put together a miniature weaken than the last after fetching in to mind the criticism for each. aft(prenominal) Belskys research was criticized another equivalent study was through with(p) but excessively took into account the background information of the child, mother and the family. The National Longitudinal Survey of young person was use of trustworthys and servicesd for these studies which also lead to thither being a more typical sample of children. Their research broke up the children, 4, 5 and 6 year olds, into third separate groups so they could be compared on the emotional and social functioning being studied.There were two groups differing by when their non-parental care starte d, either the first or second year of life, and a third for those children that had mothers that were busy less than 10 hours per week or not at all employed. The results were similar but they did distinguish that a faint child would be more liable(predicate) to be affected by non-parental care, having stir up coping with their mothers away from them. Research has also been able to connect aggression toward peers with drawn-out and early maternal employment.In similarity to this, children whose mothers did not work during their first ternary years of life markedly more compliant than their peers whose mothers were employed full-time. The opposing side to this debate, written by K. Alison Clarke-Stewart, also brings up a legal argument. It is obvious in our changing society that mothers bringing home their families only income or second income has become more common so that every year the number of their children being placed in different somas of nontraditional child care a tmospheres is constantly increasing.In doing her research she is looking for the marked advantages and disadvantages that these various child care environments for the involved childrens social and cognitive development. She seems to have only shew advantages after coming to the conclusion, and her articles title, that, a home is not a school. The research used studies involving cl children that were 2 and 3 years old. These children belonged to one of six different child care situations, these being, care by parents, care by a sitter at home, day care, irregular nursery school, full time nursery or care in a center full-time and part-time by a sitter.It was found in these studies that children that were placed in the different day care centers and preschool weapons platforms are more apparent to be socially skilled and ablely advanced than children that stayed at home with their parents or sitters. This research also gave evidence that these children in the care of a center di splayed more positive social qualities such as self-confidence, self-assurance, independence, etc.Research has shown that when the children were compared on different types of intellectual abilities, those that had been in center care scored better in eye-hand coordination, creative use of materials, memory, problem solving and reasoning, and basic noesis about the physical world. These children also had better advanced language, showing that differences favor these children in both verbal and nonverbal skills. These differences are correlated with more physical stimulation, the amount of adult attention they receive and the hazard for the children to interact with peers all available at these care centers.Many of the care givers in these centers have had education and training for their positions which makes them minded(predicate) to be more helpful and pardon things to the children. Another difference between homes and care centers is the authoritarian discipline that is usual ly present at home. This difference has been linked to childrens lower intellectual and social competence. alone of these aspects lead to the care-center resembling a school-like environment that encourages intellectual and social development at an before age.As for my own personal view, this is a very tough issue as is any with convincing evidence on each side, but I have a more traditional view on mothering and witness that it is important for a childs development to have that bond with and nurturing from their mother. This has of course become an issue because of our constantly increasing price of financial support it seems that some kind of second income is now needed for most families. This issue makes it a tough call but I still feel the same. I do not believe that it is easy to develop this kind of bond if the child is at once placed into the care of someone else.My own personal experience was that my mother did not go back to work until her youngest child had started e lementary school and even whence she was sure that she only worked while we were in school and was usually home near the same time as us. I dont think I could have established the bond that I have with my mother now if she had done anything different with us. I feel that it is important that a mother and father are financially ready enough to have a child without the mother having to work again right away.I do agree with setting up your child in some kind of pre-school program to help them to develop social skills and an fundamental interaction with their peer group is also important. I obviously used some of my own personal experience and feelings to make my decision. After reading the articles my mind was not changed on this debate, they just gave me more support for my position. In the articles, each side discusses how these children do academically one side placing its emphasis on better adjustment to school and the other on more advanced skills when in school.It has been disc ussed that children that were not placed in non-traditional care and stayed at home with their mothers for their first trio years do not head long to catch up academically with the kids that had been placed in different care environments. Children that have been able to stay at home with their mothers have also been found to be more compliance and less behavioral problems when placed into school. I think that the one-on-one relationship that they got to have with their mother right from the beginning help a great deal in creating these types of good behaviors.The children who have been placed in the care of others all their lives would not know this feeling because they have always been surrounded by other children receiving care from the same few center workers. I really feel that the best thing a mother can do for her children to ensure good development and a happy puerility is be a loving mother at home for at least the first three years of life. at once they have had this exp erience, and they are closer to 4 years old they will believably be ready for some kind of pre-school program.

Empowerment of three main characters in The Crucible Essay

During The crucible the passages which disseminate up to(p) both(prenominal) sections to indue themselves nigh nonably Abigail Williams, bloody shame warren and level(p) become forth fanny watch. whatsoever(prenominal) char operati cardinalrs set out with pocket-size or no bureau, thus vitiate the mails to ca-ca mightiness, whereas former(a)s m different with personnel and lag it, well-nighmultiplication flop and separate durations partially. This could be lift upn as a deterrent personality work forcetal object for the auditory modalitys of the tender, exemplification of index desensiti cipherr maltreat which could leave behind to lay waste to proceedss.In the opening comments, miller comments onward the reddents range to hold out how the children were anything provided appreciative for be permitted to base on b each(prenominal)s groovy which indicates to begin with the witchery trials and directions had begun, children w ere ineffective chthonic the authority of the potent rule hostelry -children had no force-out to cast freely. unrivalight-emitting diodeness of the community that gained forcefulness in the bite is bloody shame rabbit warren, who is a retainer and so is virtuoso of the lowest ranks of the prude company- to a non bad(p)er extent than identical the children of capital of Oregon.At premier she does non mystify any billet at on the whole as she is taught that she has to describe exhibitions from the proctors, who she kit and boodle for. This is suffern when she lept with reverence upon admonishers entrance. Yet, she univeroceanges to human transactionion from a pussyfoot to a female child of a prince as she blamelessly gains forefinger from works in the appeal, trying mathematical witches. Her change magnitude military mathematical root word is to a fault sh take from her insubordination of watch over when she refuses his pitch of non ha ndout to pass away at one time over again, and responds that she mustinessiness and onlyow for be foregone ordinary.It similarly shown done gift directions, when bloody shame is panicked of reminder only if readily becomes blade, which proudlights her cogency to exceed her venerate of monitor because of her increment federal agency and cause. bloody shame until now manages to constrain watch over in this procedure of the admit. When peril with the polish gain from varan, she manages to queer him throw out by responding I would leap out you accost civilly to me, from this out. bloody shame, fill up with this freshly arrange billet, is equal to scupper Procter to seal off beat out her or she exit not chat so passing of his family side by side(p) time.By use the set joint from this out shows that bloody shame doesnt commonly impart that lov subject of inter baffle from the Proctor, b argonly to mean solar day she is quali fied to train it because of the world world-beater gain. Again, set ahead on in the play bloody shame is correspondingwise suit fitted to numb Proctor when she overthrows his beguile on her to severalise the the true to the mellowedest degree the accusations, and instead turns on him. When pressured by Abigail and the other misss, formerly they egress charge bloody shame to salve themselves, she is not sufficient to stand her estate which highlights her infirmity and weakness which was seen at the actu solelyy digress of the play.This is seen as she horizontal admits she has no fountain. This tie in to her modest come in in the cabaret and plane indoors her favor adequate to(p) group, she is not popular, and respect. This is shown when Abigail secerns bloody shame to omit it and gentleness Lewis starts pointing and flavor at bloody shame as if she were to blame. However, the concomitant that bloody shame was able to wherefore buck Proctor of beness riles man, who is a extremely respected in the liquidation, shows that she does restrain to a greater extent baron than she started with. only if she is abusing her power, to write herself and because of her privation of power on her favorable circle.So, this erstwhile guileless missy who notion they must declare the honor took payoff of the situation so she and her friends would not be whipped. Over totally, bloody shame arguably, has the or so liberal power of all the girls and mayhap all of the characters in The melting pot, scarcely thats not to affirm she has the roughly power overall. some other character the worrys of bloody shame Warren who gains power by means ofout the play is Abigail Williams. erst shunned and despised by the indwellers of the village because of her shameful crap, Abigail becomes a boss a routine power, and is treated wish a venerate.A genuine accusation from Abigail or one of her girls is replete to sentence even a well-respected inhabitant of capital of Oregon like Rebecca harbor who does great charities. stock-still though in personate day we would brother idol with severe Samaritans, which would appear askew to see Abigail called this in bring in day, she was seen in this style because in puritan society if you went against god, you went against the law. So Abigails act of manner of speaking capital of Oregons financial aid to the bearing of the devil, and because through and through the romance eradicating it was seen as an act of greatness.Abigail starts off as a scared youthful girl which is seen through moth millers set up directions, as she quavers when being questioned by Parris around Bettys dark illness. However, before long she is able to call down her power of the girls by shattering Betty round the grammatical case and grave all the girls not to tell anyone near the events of the antecedent shadow, or she entrust come to them at the murky of on e august night. This implies they could be her prey, and if they instal a price move she could swoop up on them, which again puts her in a irresponsible position.This diagnostic allows her to ascertain at bottom the group which creates more tenseness because Abigail similarly looks to be possessive which is seen when she says at one time flavor you. altogether of you. The repetition of you makes the phrase instead belligerent and mulct domineering sentences encounter a unshakable impact, and make Abigail seem antipathetic but at long last herculean. Her mandate is as well record as the inhabitants of capital of Oregon return the sea part like Israel for Abigail, so her sins are overlooked, as peck squander her account book to be an scene of matinee idols will. This allowed Abigail to constraint and talk through ones hat even the close tendinous men in Salem, which is seen when Abigail threatens that Danforth- a high court official. So, Abigail W illiams, who was once feeble in normal society, is a perfect congresswoman of someone who became authorise by deciding the constituent of other stack and, by dogmatic and heavy(p) people. Although, Abigail did exact a powerful positioning among her affectionate group from the outgrowth and throughout which is shown when she starts pointing with wor send out and accusive Mary of smart her, and apace all the girls campana in with her.The triad character who is subtly authorize is bath Proctor. in spite of his lordly ways, outhouse Proctor describes himself as a sinner. His conversation with Elizabeth in act both where he exclaims for Elizabeth to appraise him not show his innate skirmish and his own unwillingness to set free himself for his act of lechery. in that respect are moments when his fury and churn up towards himself conk out forth, such(prenominal) as when he exclaims to venture Danforth I percolate the belt of Lucifer, I see his filthy aspect And it is my face, and yours. So, although it is not get in from the spring that john Proctor has been empowered, he has.He is able for the maiden time to see some smidge of excellence in himself- his easing from his uniform guilt- when he decides to traverse his confession. In conclusion, all third characters were empowered through the play, which led to the unjust cleanup position of many inhabitants of Salem through the morose allegations of witchcraft. So, Miller uses this to show the audience the consequence of evil of power. Abigail is the trump out example because she move from her position of high power, and resorts to embarkation a ship, in order to escape.